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Vitamin D deficiency increases the susceptibility to respiratory virus infections and the severity of infections. Inflammation plays a key role in pathogenesis in COVID19 while identifying clinical course and prognosis COVID19.The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between 25OH vitamin D levels, inflammatory laboratory parameters of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and disease severity of COVID19 infection.
In this retrospective study 300 patients diagnosed with COVID19 were included. According to clinical classification of cases with COVID19 the patients were divided into three groups; mild (Group1), moderate (Group2) and severe/critical (Group3). The 25OH vitamin D values below 20 ng/ml were defined as deficiency, 21-29 ng/ml were defined as insufficiency, and 30 ng/ml and above were defined as normal. Patients' age, gender, comorbid diseases and laboratory values were recorded
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental: Mild Clinical Group | patients showing mild clinical symptoms without pneumonia. |
| |
| Experimental: Moderate Clinical Group | patients with fever, other respiratory symptoms, and pneumonia findings based on radiological imaging |
| |
| Experimental: severe/critical clinical group | severe one of these as follows; patients with hypoxia (≤93% oxygen saturation), respiratory distress (RR >30 times per minute), partial pressure of arterial blood oxygen (PaO 2 )/the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO 2 ) ≤ 300 mmHg, patients whose chest imaging shows that lung damage develops significantly within 24 to 48 hours, or critical one of these as follows; respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, signs of septic shock with multiple organ failure requiring intensive care unit admission. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inflammatory Parameters | Diagnostic Test | Laboratory measurement of patient's inflammatory status in unit of % and mg/dl |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 25-OH vitamin D | laboratory measurement in unit of ng/ml | 1 day |
| White blood cell count | laboratory measurement in unit of x103/uL | 1 day |
| neutrophil count | laboratory measurement in unit of x103/uL | 1 day |
| neutrophil ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day |
| lymphocyte count | x103/uL | 1 day |
| lymphocyte ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day |
| platelet count | laboratory measurement in unit of x103/uL | 1 day |
| hemoglobin count | laboratory measurement in unit of g/dl | 1 day |
| C-reactive protein levels | laboratory measurement in unit of mg/dL | 1 day |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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COVID19 infection positive patients whose polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test positive patients and whose 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured in the last 6 months
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gulcan Ozturk | Istanbul | 34752 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32516845 | Background | Ali N. Elevated level of C-reactive protein may be an early marker to predict risk for severity of COVID-19. J Med Virol. 2020 Nov;92(11):2409-2411. doi: 10.1002/jmv.26097. Epub 2020 Jun 9. No abstract available. | |
| 32605780 | Background | Ali N. Role of vitamin D in preventing of COVID-19 infection, progression and severity. J Infect Public Health. 2020 Oct;13(10):1373-1380. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.06.021. Epub 2020 Jun 20. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014808 | Vitamin D Deficiency |
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001361 | Avitaminosis |
| D003677 | Deficiency Diseases |
| D044342 | Malnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
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| 25 OH Vitamin D Level | Other | Laboratory measurement of patient's 25 OH vitamin D level in unit of ng/dl |
|
| neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day |
| platelet to lymphocyte ratio | laboratory measurement in unit of % | 1 day |
| 32837034 | Background | Khemka A, Suri A, Singh NK, Bansal SK. Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2020 Oct;35(4):502-503. doi: 10.1007/s12291-020-00908-3. Epub 2020 Jul 30. No abstract available. |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |