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Venous thromboembolic disease represents one of the most important causes of cardiovascular death in the world. Symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs in about 500,000 patients annually, with an estimated mortality as high as 30% in high-risk patients .
High-risk pulmonary embolism clinically manifests with hemodynamic instability and systemic hypotension (systolic blood pressure < 90 mm Hg, pressure drop of more than 40 mm Hg or requiring administration of inotropic agents. In this form of PE (pulmonary embolism) imaging studies usually reveal a "saddle embolus" at the bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk, embolism of the main pulmonary artery, or embolic occlusion of at least two lobar arteries.
Mortality in high-risk pulmonary embolism is at the level of 60%, and in 66% of these patients fatal outcomes take place during the first hours from the onset of clinical symptoms. The remaining patients with severe pulmonary embolism , those with intermediate risk of mortality, do not reveal hypotension, but present with clinical symptoms comprising dyspnea and/or tachycardia. Estimated 30-day mortality in patients with intermediate risk PE (pulmonary embolism) is at the level of 15-20%, and these patients are at a risk of developing pulmonary hypertension and right ventricle heart failure. Given the fact that 40% of patients with class 4 or 5 of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index present with contraindications for systemic fibrinolytic therapy, Catheter-directed reperfusion therapy seems to be a promising alternative treatment modality.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| systemic thrombolysis group | No Intervention | patients without any contraindications for systemic fibrinolytic therapy will be treated with traditional systemic thrombolysis (intravenous administration of streptokinase). | |
| mechanical fragmentation group | Active Comparator | patients will be treated with catheter-directed mechanical fragmentation under fluoroscopy guidance. This group will include patients with absolute contraindication for fibrinolytic therapy. |
|
| In Situ thrombolysis group | Active Comparator | patients will be treated with bed side administration of low dose of local thrombolytic therapy (In Situ) via a trans-Jugular Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter. with guidance of the pressure waveforms obtained from SGC(Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter) and echocardiography guidance for ideal Catheter placement. This group will include the patients with relative contraindications for systemic thrombolysis, contraindications for contrasted administration (patients with renal impairment) and also patients with contraindications for radiation exposure (pregnant women). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| mechanical fragmentation | Procedure | patients who will be treated with catheter-directed mechanical fragmentation under fluoroscopy guidance. This group will include patients with absolute contraindication for fibrinolytic therapy |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Rate of mortality (mortality rate) | number of deaths from total number of patients in each arm | 30-day |
| Rate of complications | as major and minor bleedings | 7 days |
| Rate of Success | number of cases with clinical success which defined as stabilization of hemodynamic parameters, resolution of hypoxia, survival from PE(pulmonary embolism) and restoring of right ventricular function (improvement of ghit ventricle and pulmonary artery pressure and decrease troponin level) | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Percent of Changes in mean blood pressure | the percent of change in mean arterial blood pressure | Baseline (measured at first admission) and compared with measurements the following second, eighth, and 24th hours of the intervention. |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aliaa Ahmed, MD | Contact | 201009087704 | aliaasalama49@gmail.com | |
| Arafa abo el Hassan, lecturer | Contact | 201017445151 | arafaelkady@aun.edu.eg |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| mohamed M abd el hadi, prof | professor of chest diseases and tuberculosis | Principal Investigator |
| Ayman k hassan, lecturer | Assiut University | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17938798 | Background | Cohen AT, Agnelli G, Anderson FA, Arcelus JI, Bergqvist D, Brecht JG, Greer IA, Heit JA, Hutchinson JL, Kakkar AK, Mottier D, Oger E, Samama MM, Spannagl M; VTE Impact Assessment Group in Europe (VITAE). Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in Europe. The number of VTE events and associated morbidity and mortality. Thromb Haemost. 2007 Oct;98(4):756-64. doi: 10.1160/TH07-03-0212. | |
| 10227218 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011655 | Pulmonary Embolism |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D004617 | Embolism |
| D016769 | Embolism and Thrombosis |
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| In Situ thrombolysis | Procedure | Group (C) will include the patients who will be treated with bed side administration of low dose of local thrombolytic therapy (In Situ) via a trans-Jugular Swan-Ganz pulmonary artery catheter. with guidance of the pressure waveforms obtained from SGC (Swan-Ganz catheter) and echocardiography guidance for ideal Catheter placement. This group will include the patients with relative contraindications for systemic thrombolysis, contraindications for contrasted administration (patients with renal impairment) and also patients with contraindications for radiation exposure (pregnant women). |
|
Mean pulmonary artery pressure will be estimated by transthoracic echocardiography |
| Baseline (at addmission) and 24 hours after catheter-directed intervention |
| Duration of ICU(intensive care unit) stay | the duration of ICU (intensive care unit) stay by days | "through study completion, an average of 1 year". |
| Duration of hospital stay | the duration of hospital stay by days | "through study completion, an average of 1 year". |
| olfat M El shinnawy, prof |
| Assiut University |
| Study Chair |
| Aliaa S Ahmed, MD | Assiut University | Principal Investigator |
| Background |
| Goldhaber SZ, Visani L, De Rosa M. Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER). Lancet. 1999 Apr 24;353(9162):1386-9. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(98)07534-5. |
| 21885244 | Background | Nassiri N, Jain A, McPhee D, Mina B, Rosen RJ, Giangola G, Carroccio A, Green RM. Massive and submassive pulmonary embolism: experience with an algorithm for catheter-directed mechanical thrombectomy. Ann Vasc Surg. 2012 Jan;26(1):18-24. doi: 10.1016/j.avsg.2011.05.026. Epub 2011 Aug 31. |
| 17626254 | Background | Anderson FA Jr, Zayaruzny M, Heit JA, Fidan D, Cohen AT. Estimated annual numbers of US acute-care hospital patients at risk for venous thromboembolism. Am J Hematol. 2007 Sep;82(9):777-82. doi: 10.1002/ajh.20983. |
| 25173341 | Background | Konstantinides SV, Torbicki A, Agnelli G, Danchin N, Fitzmaurice D, Galie N, Gibbs JS, Huisman MV, Humbert M, Kucher N, Lang I, Lankeit M, Lekakis J, Maack C, Mayer E, Meneveau N, Perrier A, Pruszczyk P, Rasmussen LH, Schindler TH, Svitil P, Vonk Noordegraaf A, Zamorano JL, Zompatori M; Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). 2014 ESC guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism. Eur Heart J. 2014 Nov 14;35(43):3033-69, 3069a-3069k. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu283. Epub 2014 Aug 29. No abstract available. |
| D014652 |
| Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |