Evaluation of the Rate of En-masse Retraction in Orthodontic Patients With Maxillary Protrusion

Evaluation of the Rate of En-masse Retraction in Orthodontic Patients With Maxillary Protrusion Using Friction Versus Frictionless Mechanics: A Randomized Clinical Trial

There's a scarcity in literature concerning en-masse retraction and its effect on the rate of tooth movement. The purpose of this study is to determine, In orthodontic patients with maxillary protrusion, which form of mechanics in en-masse retraction offers a faster rate of retraction; Friction or Frictionless Mechanics.

The en-masse technique can be done in one of two ways: through friction or frictionless mechanics. Both are viable options, but, ideally, we want to retract and complete the orthodontic treatment as quickly as possible, in order to decrease the negative effects that may occur during treatment. Which of these mechanics results in a decreased treatment time is still up for debate.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults and Adolescent patients (both genders)
• Age range (14-24)
• Patients with maxillary protrusion requiring first premolars extraction (Bimaxillary Protrusion or Class II division 1 cases).
• Patients with fully erupted permanent teeth (not necessarily including the third molar).
• Cases requiring maximum anchorage during retraction.
• Good general and oral health

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients suffering from any systemic diseases interfering with tooth movement.
• Patients with extracted or missing permanent teeth. (except for third molars).
• Patients with badly decayed teeth.
• Patients with any parafunctional habits (i.e. Bruxism, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing, etc…).
• Patients with previous orthodontic treatment