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Aerobic exercise is a promising treatment modality for cognition in persons with TBI, but effects are consistently small. This study aims to investigate the effect of difference environments during moderate intensity cycling sessions on cognition.
The proposed research study would be the first to investigate the acute effects of aerobic exercise with different environments relative to control and comparison conditions on several domains of cognition in people with TBI. This critical investigation will be a first step toward systematically identifying an optimal exercise training intervention for managing common cognitive consequences of TBI.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Seated Rest | No Intervention | Behavioral: Seated Rest In the seated rest control condition, participants will sit on the bike for 30 minutes. Interaction with researchers will be kept at a minimum, similar to that in other sessions. Heart rate will be recorded every two minutes and perceived exertion will be reported every four minutes. | |
| Exercise Only | Active Comparator | Behavioral: Exercise Only In the exercise-only condition, participants will complete a total of 30-minutes on the stationary bike. This will include a) 5-min warm-up at low resistance, b) 20 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity cycling, and c) a 5-min cool-down at low resistance. Interaction with researchers will be kept at a minimum, similar to that in other sessions. Heart rate will be recorded every two minutes and perceived exertion will be reported every four minutes. |
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| Exercise + Non-Immersive Virtual Reality | Experimental | Behavioral: Exercise + Non-Immersive Virtual Reality In the exercise with non-immersive Virtual Reality condition, participants will complete a total of 30-minutes on the stationary bike while watching a video on an iPad. The cycling session will be identical to that in the Exercise Only condition (5-min warm-up, 20 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity cycling, and 5-min cool down). During cycling, a YouTube video called "360° VR Cycling Newport Back Bay Sunset [30 MIN - NO MUSIC])" will play on an iPad placed on the front of the bike. Interaction with researchers will be kept at a minimum, similar to that in other sessions. Heart rate will be recorded every two minutes and perceived exertion will be reported every four minutes. |
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| Exercise + Immersive Virtual Reality |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exercise Only | Behavioral | Cycling in a lab environment |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change on Walking While Talking Test (WWT) | The WWT measures multitasking by comparing performance on a single motor task to the motor performance during a simultaneous motor + cognitive dual task. | 30 minutes (before and after the acute exercise intervention) |
| Change on N-Back Test (N-back) | The N-Back is a measure that requires participants to listen to a sequence of numbers and decide if the current number is the same as the one presented N trials ago. | 30 minutes (before and after the acute exercise intervention) |
| Change on the Modified Flanker Test (MFT) | This task requires individuals to correctly respond to a target symbol amid other symbols, ignoring irrelevant information. | 30 minutes (before and after the acute exercise intervention) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kessler Foundation | East Hanover | New Jersey | 07936 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070642 | Brain Injuries, Traumatic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001930 | Brain Injuries |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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The PI will be blinded to the order of conditions for each participant.
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| Experimental |
Behavioral: Exercise + Immersive Virtual Reality In the exercise with immersive virtual reality condition, participants will complete a total of 30-minutes on the stationary bike while wearing Oculus Quest 2 goggles. The bout of cycling will be identical to the prescription given in the exercise only condition (5-min warm-up, 20 minutes of moderate-vigorous intensity cycling, and 5-min cool down). During cycling, the Oculus YouTubeVR app will play a 360° version of the YouTube video called "360° VR Cycling Newport Back Bay Sunset [30 MIN - NO MUSIC])". Interaction with researchers will be kept at a minimum, similar to that in other sessions. Heart Rate will be recorded every two minutes and perceived exertion will be reported every four minutes. |
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| Exercise + Non-Immersive Virtual Reality |
| Behavioral |
Cycling with an environment simulated by non-immersive virtual reality |
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| Exercise + Immersive Virtual Reality | Behavioral | Cycling with an environment simulated by immersive virtual reality |
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| D006259 |
| Craniocerebral Trauma |
| D020196 | Trauma, Nervous System |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |