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This study will examine two separate interventions: 1) the effects of ischemic preconditioning or 2) a high fat meal on the capacity of the brachial artery to overcome sympathetic activation and dilate during exercise (also known as functional sympatholysis). Participants will be asked to complete rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without the application of -20 mmHg lower body negative pressure to increase sympathetic activation. Doppler ultrasound will be used to continuously measure brachial artery blood flow. Participants will complete the handgrip exercise and lower body negative pressure before and after the applications of each interventions. Participants may elect to only complete one intervention rather than complete both protocols. Intervention one is active or control ischemic preconditioning. Intervention two is high or low fat meals.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ischemic preconditioning control | Sham Comparator |
| |
| Ischemic preconditioning | Active Comparator |
| |
| High fat meal | Active Comparator |
| |
| Low fat meal | Placebo Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ischemic preconditioning | Procedure | Four 5-minute cycles of 200 mmHg cuff inflation of the brachial artery, each separated by 5-minutes deflated recovery (i.e. 40 minutes total time) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Forearm blood flow | Doppler ultrasound - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | Baseline - Immediately before active and control interventions |
| Forearm blood flow | Doppler ultrasound - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | Immediately after active and control interventions (IPC only) |
| Forearm blood flow | Doppler ultrasound - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 1 hour after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Forearm blood flow | Doppler ultrasound - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 2 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Forearm blood flow | Doppler ultrasound - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 3 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Forearm vascular conductance | Blood flow divided by blood pressure - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | Baseline - Immediately before active and control interventions |
| Forearm vascular conductance |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | Finger plethysmography - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | Baseline - Immediately before active and control interventions |
| Blood pressure |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Guelph - Human Cardiovascular Physiology Laboratory | Guelph | Ontario | N1G 2W1 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36878187 | Derived | Teixeira AL, Gangat A, Bommarito JC, Burr JF, Millar PJ. Ischemic Preconditioning Acutely Improves Functional Sympatholysis during Handgrip Exercise in Healthy Males but not Females. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2023 Jul 1;55(7):1250-1257. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000003148. Epub 2023 Feb 24. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019194 | Ischemic Preconditioning |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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| Ischemic preconditioning control | Procedure | Four 5-minute cycles of 20 mmHg cuff inflation of the brachial artery, each separated by 5-minutes deflated recovery (i.e. 40 minutes total time) |
|
| Low fat meal | Dietary Supplement | Meal containing 1006 calories, 1 g fat, 0.2 g saturated fat, 0 g trans fat, 20 mg cholesterol, 191 g carbohydrates, 60 g protein, 1560 mg sodium |
|
| High fat meal | Dietary Supplement | Meal containing 1030 calories, 62 g fat, 23 g saturated fat, 0.5 g trans fat, 445 mg cholesterol, 76 g carbohydrates, 41 g protein, 2080 mg sodium. |
|
Blood flow divided by blood pressure - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure |
| Immediately after active and control interventions (IPC only) |
| Forearm vascular conductance | Blood flow divided by blood pressure - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 1 hour after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Forearm vascular conductance | Blood flow divided by blood pressure - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 2 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Forearm vascular conductance | Blood flow divided by blood pressure - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 3 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
Finger plethysmography - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure
| Immediately after active and control interventions (IPC only) |
| Blood pressure | Finger plethysmography - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 1 hour after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Blood pressure | Finger plethysmography - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 2 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Blood pressure | Finger plethysmography - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 3 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Heart rate | ECG - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | Baseline - Immediately before active and control interventions |
| Heart rate | ECG - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | Immediately after active and control interventions (IPC only) |
| Heart rate | ECG - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 1 hour after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Heart rate | ECG - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 2 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |
| Heart rate | ECG - tested at rest and during rhythmic handgrip exercise with and without lower body negative pressure | 3 hours after active and control interventions (Diet intervention only) |