Investigators departed institution prior to any recruitment

This study is being done to evaluate cutaneous nerve biopsies from patients with refractory gastrointestinal motility disorders. The purpose of the study is to evaluate skin biopsies for signs of small fiber neuropathy in GI dysmotility patients, which may provide a better understanding of the underlying pathology of their condition. Specifically, identifying any small fiber neuropathy that may exist in the peripheral nervous system may help us to better understand the mechanism of presumed enteric neuropathy that may be involved in causing GI dysmotility.

1. Gather basic, clinical information and perform small 3-6mm skin biopsies.
2. Identify characteristics of epidermal nerve fibers in patients with symptoms of gastrointestinal dysmotility
3. To isolate skin-derived precursor cells from skin biopsies and test their ability to generate neurons in vitro and in immune-deficient mouse models.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individual with a gastrointestinal motility disorder that has failed both clinical and surgical options for symptomatic management

Exclusion Criteria:

• Child 17 years of age or younger
• Individuals incapable of informed consent
• Patient with diseased skin or on drugs which affect skin biology.