Correlation Between Selected Haematological and Doppler Ultrasonic Parameters in Peripheral Arterial Diseased Patients

Correlation Between Selected Hematological and Doppler Ultrasonic Parameters After Electrical Stimulation in Peripheral Arterial Diseased Patients

Forty patients of both sexes, aged between 50 and 60 years, were chosen from an outpatient vascular clinic in the El Sahel Education Hospital. Patients have been examined and referred to by a vascular specialist.

The participants were divided randomly into two groups of equal numbers. The study group got low-frequency TENS (4 Hz frequency, pulse duration 200 μs) which was administered through surface electrodes for 45 min per session, supramaximal stimulation for T12, L1, and L2 sympathetic ganglions that innervate the lower extremity for 45 min per session, three times per week and for 12 weeks. Control Group that received placebo stimulation as provided by the same TENS device but with a zero volt after 10 s of stimulation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Unilateral Leriche-Fontaine stage-II PAD
2. Both sexes
3. Aged 50 to 60 years
4. Outpatients
5. Clinically stable
6. Sedentary
7. Not participating in any physical activity last 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Walking disorders related to orthopedic or neuromuscular disease
2. Renal insufficiency requiring dialysis (Renal diseases)
3. Known and documented myopathy
4. Progressive cancer
5. Associated progressive disease causing a deterioration in general health
6. Participation in another research protocol
7. Skin disorder making it impossible to use TENS
8. Absolute contraindication to physical activity
9. Presence of a pacemaker/defibrillator