This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) and Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) on hemodynamic parameters in patients with hypertension. A total of 42 hypertensive patients were randomly divided into two equal groups: Group A received TENS, and Group B received EMS, over a period of four weeks. Pre- and post-treatment measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate (HR) were recorded. Results showed that both TENS and EMS produced significant improvements in all parameters within their respective groups.

However, the TENS group demonstrated a greater reduction in SBP and DBP, while the EMS group showed better improvement in heart rate control. The findings suggest that both treatments are effective non-pharmacological options for managing hypertension, with TENS being more effective overall in lowering blood pressure. These modalities may offer supportive benefits in long-term hypertension management strategies.

Inclusion Criteria:

• (25-60 years) including both male and female
• Patients clinically diagnosed with primary (essential) hypertension.
• Blood pressure ranging from 140/90 mmHg to 160/100 mmHg (Stage 1 to early Stage 2 hypertension).
• Participants who are not currently on intensive antihypertensive therapy or are on a stable dose of medication.
• Willingness to participate voluntarily and provide written informed consent.
• Patients who are not involved in any physical activity.
• Participants who are overweight according to normal BMI.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Secondary hypertension due to renal, endocrine, or other systemic causes. Individuals with pacemakers, implanted defibrillators, or other electronic medical devices.
• Patients with severe cardiovascular conditions, such as recent myocardial infarction, heart failure, or arrhythmias.

History of seizure disorders or epilepsy. Cancer Patients

• Presence of skin lesions, open wounds, or infections at the site of electrode placement.
• Patients undergoing physiotherapy or electrical therapy elsewhere during the study period.
• Individuals with known neurological or musculoskeletal disorders that could interfere with EMS or TENS effectiveness