Antibiotic resistance is a major threat in modern medicine. Overuse of antibiotics is an important driver of antibiotic resistance. However, some authors have shown that up to 50% of antibiotic treatments in critically ill patients are inappropriate, mostly because they are used in patients with non-bacterial infections.

In order to improve antibiotic use, several antibiotic stewardship programs have been implemented worldwide. However, only few of them have taken into account the determinants of prescribing behaviors. Yet, these determinants have been shown to play a role among general practitioners of hospital doctors. Nevertheless, none of these factors have been studied among intensivists.

The current project represent phase 1 of the study : construction and validation of a questionnaire.

Antibiotic resistance is a major threat in modern medicine. Overuse of antibiotics is an important driver of antibiotic resistance. In critical care setting, antibiotic therapies are widely used due to the high number of patients presenting with sepsis. However, some authors have shown that up to 50% of antibiotic treatments in critically ill patients are inappropriate, mostly because they are used in patients with non-bacterial infections.

In order to improve antibiotic use, several antibiotic stewardship programs have been implemented worldwide. However, only few of them have taken into account the determinants of prescribing behaviors. Yet, these determinants have been shown to play a role among general practitioners of hospital doctors. Nevertheless, none of these factors have been studied among intensivists.

The study is designed to investigate social, cultural, contextual and personal factors influencing antibiotic prescribing among French intensivists. The design will consist of three phases:

• Phase 1: construction and validation of a questionnaire
• Phase 2: the questionnaire will be sent to all intensivist, including residents, in France
• Phase 3: qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews.

The current project represent phase 1 of the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Physicians with predominant intensive care practice
• Resident, with a minimum of two-month experience in the intensive care unit

Exclusion Criteria:

• Refusal to participate

Physicians with predominant intensive care practice and Resident, with a minimum of two-month experience in the intensive care unit can be participe at this study.