It is known that some factors are associated with emergence agitation(EA), and investigators are still unable to predict accurately those who undergoing maxillofacial surgery are at great risks.This study intend to identify the risk factors for EA and to explore the mechanism of EA , which is helpful for early prediction, prevention and treatment in children.

This study was divided into two parts. The first part, multivariate regression analysis were conducted to identify the risk factors for pain and EA following maxillofacial surgery in children. The second part, metabolomics research was used to explore the relationship between metabolites and EA in children.

Eligibility Criteria in Part I

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients undergoing palatopharyngoplasty/tonsillar and/or adenoidectomy, auricle reconstruction, and photodynamic therapy for vascular malformations on face.
2. Aged between 3 years and 12 years.
3. American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) class I-II.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with developmental delays.
2. Patients with mental disorders.
3. Patients with severe liver and kidney damage,or other heart and lung disease.
4. Reject to participate in the trials.

Eligibility Criteria in Part II

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy in part I of this study.
2. Aged between 3 years and 7 years.
3. American Society of Anesthesiologists(ASA) class I-II.
4. Patients who underwent sevoflurane anesthesia maintainance.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with developmental delays or mental disorders.
2. Patients with neurological or psychiatric diseases.
3. Patients with severe liver and kidney damage,or other heart and lung disease.
4. Patients with metabolic diseases or family inherited diseases.
5. Patients who received drug treatment or intravenous nutritional supports.

Patients undergoing palatopharyngoplasty/tonsillar and/or adenoidectomy, auricle reconstruction, and photodynamic therapy for vascular malformations on face.