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The neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) used to demonstrate inflammatory status in recent years can be calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count at routine blood tests.
Dysregulation in immune responses has been reported in association with hyperinflammation in COVID-19 patients, NLR has been linked to the severity of the patient's clinical status, and an increase in NLR is reported to be an independent risk factor for in-hospital mortality. Pain is a frequently seen symptom at the onset of viral infections and throughout the course of the disease. Although the pain mechanisms triggered by viral pathogens are not yet entirely understood, pain is thought to arise as a result of direct activation of nociceptor neurons by pathogens and their interaction with molecular ligands. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), a pathogen recognition receptor that plays an important role in immune responses to viruses by binding to viral RNA, is known to be involved in pain development in different RNA virus infections. Park et al. showed that extracellular micro RNAs activate nociceptive neurons via the TLR7 pathway. Although these mechanisms have been demonstrated for different viral infections, the viral pathogenesis leading to pain in COVID-19 is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of headache and muscular pain in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and to determine the relationship between these symptoms and inflammatory parameters.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) | It can be calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count at routine blood tests | Baseline |
| D-dimer | Peripheral venous blood specimens were collected using standard surgical procedures | Baseline |
| Fibrinogen | Peripheral venous blood specimens were collected using standard surgical procedures | Baseline |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients aged 18-65 and diagnosed with COVID-19 will be included in the study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nalan Doğan, MD | Beykoz State Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Dursun Karakaş, MD | Sancaktepe Şehit İlhan Varank Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Osman Yakşi, MD | Abant İzzet Baysal University Medical Faculty | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elif Yakşi | Merkez | Bolu | 14030 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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Peripheral venous blood specimens will be collected using standard surgical procedures during presentation and were investigated in the Abant İzzet Baysal University Medical Faculty central laboratory. Complete blood count parameters (hemoglobin, leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets, and leukocyte subtypes) will be analyzed using a Syxmex XN-1000 (Kobe, Japan) automatic analyzer. D-dimer and fibrinogen parameters will be measured on a Sysmex CS-2500 (Kobe, Japan) device, and biochemical parameters (CRP, ferritin, procalcitonin, LDH, troponin) on an automatic biochemical analyzer (Abbott Architect C8000, USA). In addition, the NLR will be calculated by dividing the absolute neutrophil count by the absolute lymphocyte count.
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |