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It has been known that a pregnant women undergoes significant anatomical and physiological changes that mainly caused by hormonal and hematologic changes during pregnancy. Due to advance in reproductive medicine, the incidence of multifetal pregnancy was increased to 3% of livebirth. Multifetal pregnancies produce much more physiological changes in the body compared to the singleton pregnancies.
Physiologic ocular changes during pregnancy are the followings
From the literature review, there was only on study of ocular changes in twin pregnancies. Alim et al evaluated the choroidal and retinal thickness in singleton versus twin pregnancies. They included 20 single and 20 twin pregnant women in their 3rd trimester with 20-age-matched healthy non-pregnant women as a control group. They found that there was an increase in choroidal thickness in the 3rd trimester of pregnancies and it was prominent in twin pregnancies. There was a statistically significant difference in choroidal thickness between pregnant and non-pregnant women, but not significant difference between singleton and twin pregnancies. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was significantly higher in the twin pregnancy group than in the singleton pregnancy group. However, no study of retinal vascular density in twin pregnancies has been published before.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| multifetal pregnancy in the 3rd trimester | Experimental | Corneal tomography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed in the 3rd trimester, 30-36 weeks of gestational age. |
|
| singleton pregnancy in the 3rd trimester | Active Comparator | Corneal tomography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed in the 3rd trimester, 30-36 weeks of gestational age. |
|
| age-stratified healthy non-pregnant women | Active Comparator | Corneal tomography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corneal tomography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography | Device | Ocular investigations were performed in one time during 30-36 weeks of gestational age. Due to avoidance of diurnal variation, all examinations were done between 10 am - 12 pm. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Choroidal thickness | Choroidal thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography. | 30-36 weeks of gestational age |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness | Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured by optical coherence tomography | 30-36 weeks of gestational age |
| Retinal vascular density | Percentage of retinal vascular density was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Suthasinee Sinawat, MD | Contact | +66815454594 | ssuthasinee@kku.ac.th |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Suthasinee Sinawat, MD | KKU Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KKU Eye Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University | Recruiting | Phu Wiang | Changwat Khon Kaen | 40002 | Thailand |
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age-stratified sample technique (2 age groups: 24-30 years and 31-37 years)
,twin pregnancy:singleton pregnancy:healthy non-pregnant women = 1: 2 : 2
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|
| 30-36 weeks of gestational age |
| Corneal thickness | Corneal thickness was measured by corneal topography | 30-36 weeks of gestational age |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000080324 | Choroidal Effusions |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005124 | Eye Abnormalities |
| D005128 | Eye Diseases |
| D015862 | Choroid Diseases |
| D014603 | Uveal Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D041623 | Tomography, Optical Coherence |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D041622 | Tomography, Optical |
| D061848 | Optical Imaging |
| D003952 | Diagnostic Imaging |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D014054 | Tomography |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
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