A Retrospective Review of the Association of Baseline Characteristics of Male Patients Presented With Lower Urinary Tract and Long Term Clinical Outcomes
A Retrospective Review of the Association of Baseline Characteristics of Male Patients Presented With Lower Urinary Tract and Long Term Clinical Outcomes
Non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptom (LUTS) is one of the most common symptom presented in urological clinic. Male LUTS could be a result of a combination of many different conditions, including benign prostate hypertrophy, overactive bladder, diabetes, noctural polyuria, sleep apnoea etc. Also male LUTS has shown to have close relationship with metabolic and cardiovascular conditions. Because of the increasing evidences to suggest a close relationship of cardiovascular condition and metabolic problems and male LUTS, this is a study to retrospective review of the patients assessed in this urology clinic and have a more in-depth assessment of the relationship of the baseline characteristics of these medical conditions with the presenting symptoms, as well as the long term urological and overall clinical outcomes of these patients.
This is a retrospective study.Male patients who presented with lower urinary tract symptom to our centre and assessed in the urology clinic from 2005 to 2019 would be enrolled to the study. This study will be conducted by observation; that is, data will be captured from medical records and central medical system (CMS), but patients will not be contacted. All the demographic and medical background, as well as investigations performed during the assessment including uroflowmetry, post-voiding residual, questionnaires, blood pressure, pulse, vascular assessment and blood result will be collected. Follow-up data including usage of medication, clinical outcomes (such as development of urinary retention, cardiovascular events, need of surgical intervention, mortality etc.) will be captured from the medical records.
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: