This study was conducted with a randomized controlled experimental design to determine the effect of virtual reality headset on children's fear and anxiety during vaccinations.

Research Hypotheses:

Hypothesis 0a (H0a): There is no difference in fear scores between the experimental group in which virtual reality glasses were used during vaccination administration and the control group.

Hypothesis 1a (H1a): There is a difference in fear scores between the experimental group in which virtual reality glasses were used during vaccination administration and the control group.

Hypothesis 0b (H0b): There is no difference in anxiety scores between the experimental group in which virtual reality glasses were used during vaccination administration and the control group.

Hypothesis 1b (H1b): There is a difference in anxiety scores experienced between the experimental group in which virtual reality glasses were used during vaccination administration and the control group.

Interventions made for protecting health or curing diseases, significantly affect children's psychological state and social adaptation. Being one of these interventions, vaccination may cause fear and anxiety in children. This fear and anxiety may affect children's future treatment and care experiences and result in fright and avoidance in them. Thus, it is important to try and reduce biological stress and to cope with psychosocial stress. One of the methods which can be used for this purpose is virtual reality headset used as a distraction method. This study was conducted with a randomized controlled experimental design to determine the effect of virtual reality headset on children's fear and anxiety during vaccinations. The population of the study consisted of first grade students attending primary schools in the city center of Ordu. The study was completed with 84 students in the experimental group and 85 students in the control group. With the sample number obtained as a result of the study, the test power was found to be 89.8% when the alpha error was 0.05 and the effect size was kept at 0.5. The data were collected using the Child and Parent Introductory Information Form, Children's Fear Scale, and Children's Anxiety Scale-State Scale.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Parental consent
• Student's willingness to participate in the research
• The student does not have a mental or neurological disability
• Not being able to communicate
• The student does not have a chronic illness
• The student does not have an illness that causes acute or chronic pain
• The student has not used any analgesic medication in the last 24 hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Lack of parental consent
• Student's unwillingness to participate in the research
• The student has a mental or neurological disability
• The student has a communication disability
• The student has a chronic illness
• The student has an illness that causes acute or chronic pain
• The student's use of medication that will have an analgesic effect in the last 24 hours.

The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

12 months after publication

Relevance to the topic of the study and approval of all co-authors within 1 month of receiving the request.