Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), traumatic brain injury (TBI), acute deficiency Blood stroke (AIS), acute cerebral hemorrhage (ICH), hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), intracranial tumor surgery; older than 18 years old, <85 Years old; patients who need lumbar puncture.

Subjects who meet the standards will undergo a full-body examination and basic life after entering the ICU Sign evaluation and monitoring, mainly including nervous system specialist physical examination, multi-modal brain function testing, Respiratory system monitoring and management, hemodynamic monitoring, APACHE Ⅱ score, GCS score, and routine general circulation, respiratory management, sedation and analgesia management, temperature management, infiltration Pressure management, lumbar pressure measurement The included subjects were monitored for optic nerve sheath diameter, TCD/TCCD before and after lumbar puncture, and recorded spectrum morphology: normal, high resistance state, ischemic topic, congestion state, spasticity, nail wave/oscillating wave state, S1S2 fusion high point state, and recording at the same time Parameters: systolic flow rate (Vs) Shu Tensile blood flow velocity (Vd), average blood flow velocity (Vm), pulsatility index (PI), impedance Index (RI)

The change of TCD/TCCD spectrum shape can qualitatively evaluate ICP. The intracranial pressure is qualitatively determined by spectrum morphology to help clinicians quickly assess intracranial pressure and guide treatment. Accurately identify the normal shape of the spectrum, the state of high resistance, the state of ischemia, the state of congestion, the state of spasticity, the state of nail wave/oscillating wave, and the state of S1S2 fusion high tip. Discuss the correlation between spectrum shape and waist piercing ICP.