100 mL/ hour of dextrose 5% were given starting 1 hour before operation and continue till approximately middle of surgery by communicating with surgeon to assess the timing and dosing of dextrose solution effect on PONV.

100 mL/ hour of dextrose 10% were given starting 1 hour before operation and continue till approximately middle of surgery by communicating with surgeon

100 mL/ hour of normal saline were given starting 1 hour before operation and continue till approximately middle of surgery by communicating with surgeon

One hour before operation, patients were given dexrose 5%100/hour only for 2 hours to end at about middle of surgery

Number of participants who experienced PONV grade ≥2 as assessed by PONV score . The PACU nurses assessed and documented PONV using a Verbal Descriptive Scale, which correlates to visual analog nausea scores, with an objective measure of severity: 0 = no PONV: patient reports no nausea and has had no emesis episodes; 1 = mild PONV: patient reports nausea but declines antiemetic treatment; 2 = moderate PONV: patient reports nausea and accepts antiemetic treatment; and 3 = severe PONV: nausea with any emesis episode (retching or vomiting). The score was obtained at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after PACU arrival; thus 5 scores were recorded during PACU stay. A 24-hour PONV assessment that elicited any nausea and emesis episode since PACU discharge was obtained by a blinded investigator by telephone or in person at the patient's bedside (delayed PONV).

Frequency of doses of antiemetics required to control postoperative nausea and vomiting, initial antiemetic treatment was 10 mg slow IV metoclopramide for occurred nausea or 4 mg IV ondansetron for occurred nausea & vomiting or if the previous treatment failed for nausea