In France, children cochlear implantation (CI) is performed 400 times per year. Causes of profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) are represented by congenital malformation of the inner ear for 50 to 60%. Most of the remaining cases of CI in children are caused by congenital CMV infection. The proportion of CMV inducing SNHL with a CI in children is not clearly defined. During CI, we aim to collect a very small sample of perilymphatic fluid and to analyse it with a CMV polymerised-chain-reaction to evaluate the involvement of CMV in SNHL.

Data on etiology of hearing loss and CMV status are collected. Perilymphatic liquid is collected after cochleostomy using a 1ml seringue. The drop of liquid is deposited on a Guthrie card; on another card, a drop of blood is deposited on another card. CMV PCR (polymerised chain reaction) is then performed in order to assess for the presence of CMV. The sensibility, specificity, positive and negative positive values are then calculated.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Children (under 18-year-old) presenting with a Sensorineural Hearing Loss with an indication of cochlear implantation

Exclusion Criteria:

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