Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is the most common congenital infection. It is the second leading cause of sensorineural hearing loss after genetic causes and the leading cause of motor delay. It can also cause ophthalmological or biological abnormalities (hepatic cytolysis, thrombocytopenia, etc.). Currently, routine screening during pregnancy or at birth is not recommended.

90% of infected infants are asymptomatic at birth. However, 10 to 25% of them present with hearing loss at birth or will develop it in their first years of life. This hearing loss is progressive.

In the context of deafness, detecting congenital CMV infection helps explain the cause of hearing loss (a recurring question from parents) and allows for tailored management and follow-up (progressive deafness, bilateral involvement). Its detection also enables appropriate pediatric monitoring (neurological, ophthalmological, etc.). Screening for congenital CMV infection (cCMV), guided by neonatal hearing screening, has been recommended by the French High Council for Public Health (HCSP) since 2018.

In cases of confirmed congenital CMV infection, an ophthalmological examination (fundus examination), hearing test, brain imaging, and blood tests are performed.

The investigators wish to collect data from targeted screening for congenital CMV infection at the Strasbourg University Hospitals (HUS) to ensure comprehensiveness and to study CMV-related conditions in these screened children.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Minors aged 0 to 1 month at the time of newborn hearing screening
• Subject with inconclusive newborn hearing screening (NHS) on unilateral or bilateral T2 (inconclusive retest) between August 2024 and the end of July 2025.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Positive CMV PCR after 1 month of life
• CMV PCR performed for another indication.

- Minors aged 0 to 1 month at the time of newborn hearing screening with inconclusive newborn hearing screening (NHS) on unilateral or bilateral T2 (inconclusive retest) between August 2024 and the end of July 2025.