Intranasal dexmedetomidine

behavior score

1. Clam and cooperative；
2. Anxious but reassurable;
3. Anxious but not reassurable;
4. Crying, or resisting The scores of 1 and 2 signified satisfactory compliance, whereas scores of 3 and 4 were classified as poor compliance.

A four-point parental separation anxiety scale as follows:

1. Easy separation,
2. Whimpers, but is easily reassured, not clinging,
3. Cries and cannot be easily reassured, but not clinging to parents,
4. Crying and clinging to parents. The scores of 1 and 2 signified acceptable separation whereas scores of 3 and 4 were classified as difficult separation.

Induction Compliance Checklist range from 0 through 10,and lower scores indicate the higher degree of cooperation during inhalation anesthesia induction

Mask acceptance scale，MAS

1. terrified, crying, agitated
2. moderate fear, not calmed with reassurance
3. slight fear of mask, easily calmed
4. unafraid, cooperative, accepts mask readily The scores of 3 and 4 signified satisfactory mask acceptable whereas scores of 1 and 2 were classified as poor mask acceptable.

The pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale consists of four items. Each item is scored 0-4 yielding a total between 0 and 20.

The degree of emergence delirium increased directly with the total score.pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scale ≥12 at any time indicates presence of emergence delirium.

The time from discontinuation of sevoflurane to the first open eye of the children and to achieve aldrete≥9

Number of children with adverse effects

1. Bradycardia and/or hypotension need for hemodynamic support
2. Desaturation is defined as Oxygen desaturation <90%
3. Any adverse effects requiring interventions