The standard training sessions were conducted for individual patient by the transplant physician to explain rejections, infections and tumor risks, post-transplant medication. After discharge, all patients had scheduled follow-up visits at the outpatient clinic of the transplant center, where immune suppressant blood levels were measured and their dosing adjusted accordingly. Patients also had the opportunity to discuss any concern of their condition or drug therapy with the transplant physician in charge.

in addition to this standard transplant training, patients received intensified care by a dedicated clinical pharmacist combining educational and technical interventions aiming at achieving and maintaining adherence to his/her prescribed medication and improving health outcomes.

Technical interventions include; identification of possible reasons for non-adherence, adherence support by developing simplified schedules for taking medications that were customized to individualized patient's lifestyle. Reminders for dose as well as tools/strategies the RTR may use to follow the dosing schedules if needed as pillbox were provided as needed

Clinical pharmacists' guided patient training was individualized, repetitive, covered 6 months, and included more aspects and provided practical hints and strategies for medication management.

Initial clinical pharmacist face-to-face session will be up to 60-minute then 30-minute follow-up sessions will be conducted monthly for 6 months during the scheduled post-transplant clinic visits as coordinated with the transplant physician to allow for single office visits for transplant related issues and comorbidities.

Self-reported taking adherence [TA, percentage of doses taken in comparison to the total number of doses prescribed]. Patients will be classified as being adherent for those with TA ≥80 or non-adherent for those with TA <80

Serum creatinine mg/dL

BUN (blood urea nitrogen) mg/dL