This study evaluates the transfer accuracy of 3D-printed trays for indirect bonding of orthodontic brackets in vivo. Accurate placement of orthodontic brackets at the beginning of treatment improves treatment efficiency and shortens treatment time. Indirect bonding is a method of placing orthodontic brackets on a plaster or digital model of the dentition, followed by the transfer of these brackets to the patients' teeth using a transfer tray. Various indirect bonding methods have been developed with the aim of improved bracket positioning and reduced chair time. The success of these methods ultimately depends on how reliably the precise positioning of the brackets on the model can be transferred to the patient's teeth.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults and children (ages 12 years and older) who are in the permanent dentition.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Less than 12 years of age, primary or mixed dentition, or bonded orthodontic appliances present, prosthetic restorations on the facial surfaces of teeth, craniofacial anomalies, and dental anomalies such as malformation, microdontia, or severe attrition