The RTF Impact score is was computed by adding the following three scores: 1) average pain intensity (range 0=no pain - 10=worst pain) from the Defense and Veterans Pain Rating Scale (DVPRS); 2) the NIH Patient Reported Outcome Measures Information System (PROMIS) pain interference score (range 4-20 with higher scores indicating worse status; 3) the REVERSE of the PROMIS physical function scores (range 4-20 with higher score indicating better status and higher score on reverse scale indicating worse status). The range of RTF impact score is 8 (best) -50 (worst). Change in RTF Impact Score from baseline to intermediate-term post-treatment follow-up.

Walking tolerance on a treadmill using the modified Naughton treadmill protocol. Measured in minutes completed. Higher number of minutes indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from level at start of treadmill testing. Change score is computed by subtracting the baseline number of minutes completed from the number of minutes completed at the time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Walking tolerance on a treadmill using the modified Naughton treadmill protocol. Measured in minutes completed. Higher number of minutes indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from level at start of treadmill testing. Change score is computed by subtracting the baseline number of minutes completed from the number of minutes completed at the time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Walking tolerance on a treadmill using the modified Naughton treadmill protocol. Measured in minutes completed. Higher number of minutes indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from level at start of treadmill testing. Change score is computed by subtracting the baseline number of minutes completed from the number of minutes completed at the time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Walking tolerance on a treadmill using the modified Naughton treadmill protocol. Measured in minutes completed. Higher number of minutes indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from level at start of treadmill testing. Change score is computed by subtracting the baseline number of minutes completed from the number of minutes completed at the time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from floor to waist height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from floor to waist height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from floor to waist height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from floor to waist height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from waist to shoulder height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from waist to shoulder height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from waist to shoulder height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can comfortably lift from waist to shoulder height. Higher number of lbs lifted indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of lift test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds lifted from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can carry a distance of 40-feet. Higher number of lbs carried indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of carry test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds carried from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can carry a distance of 40-feet. Higher number of lbs carried indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of carry test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds carried from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can carry a distance of 40-feet. Higher number of lbs carried indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of carry test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds carried from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

Measures how much weight in pounds study subject can carry a distance of 40-feet. Higher number of lbs carried indicates better status. Test terminates when pain intensity increases from start of carry test. Change score is measured in pounds and is computed by subtracting the baseline number of pounds carried from the number of pounds lifted at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Depression reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse depression. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Depression T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Depression reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse depression. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Depression T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Depression reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse depression. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Depression T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Depression reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse depression. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Depression T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anxiety reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anxiety T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anxiety reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anxiety T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anxiety reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anxiety T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anxiety reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anxiety T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anger reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anger T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anger reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anger T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anger reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anger T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Anger reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse anxiety. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Anger T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse Sleep-related Impairment. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse Sleep-related Impairment. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse Sleep-related Impairment. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse Sleep-related Impairment. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better physical function. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better physical function. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better physical function. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Sleep-related Impairment reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better physical function. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better satisfaction with social roles. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better satisfaction with social roles. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better satisfaction with social roles. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Satisfaction with Social Roles reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate better satisfaction with social roles. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Sleep-related Impairment T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PCS is a 13-item questionnaire with a score range 0-52 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PCS from PCS at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PCS is a 13-item questionnaire with a score range 0-52 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PCS from PCS at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PCS is a 13-item questionnaire with a score range 0-52 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PCS from PCS at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PCS is a 13-item questionnaire with a score range 0-52 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PCS from PCS at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

CPAQ-8 is an 8-item questionnaire with a score range 0-48 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline CPAQ-8 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

CPAQ-8 is an 8-item questionnaire with a score range 0-48 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline CPAQ-8 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

CPAQ-8 is an 8-item questionnaire with a score range 0-48 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline CPAQ-8 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

CPAQ-8 is an 8-item questionnaire with a score range 0-48 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline CPAQ-8 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 0-60 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PSEQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 0-60 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PSEQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 0-60 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PSEQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 0-60 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PSEQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PAM a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 10-40 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PAM score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PAM a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 10-40 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PAM score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PAM a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 10-40 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PAM score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PAM a 10-item questionnaire with a score range 10-40 with higher scores indicating better status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline PAM score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

TSK-11 an 11-item questionnaire with a score range 11-44 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline TSK-11 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

TSK-11 an 11-item questionnaire with a score range 11-44 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline TSK-11 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

TSK-11 an 11-item questionnaire with a score range 11-44 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline TSK-11 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

TSK-11 an 11-item questionnaire with a score range 11-44 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline TSK-11 score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

RMDQ a 24-item questionnaire with a score range 0-24 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline RMDQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

RMDQ a 24-item questionnaire with a score range 0-24 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline RMDQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

RMDQ a 24-item questionnaire with a score range 0-24 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline RMDQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

RMDQ a 24-item questionnaire with a score range 0-24 with higher scores indicating worse status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline RMDQ score from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PGIC is a one-item questionnaire that determines the study subjects' assessment on their level of improvement or worsening since the start of treatment. Responses are on a likert scale from very much improved; much improved; minimally improved; no change; minimally worse; much worse; very much worse

7-to-1 Pyramid Test is a functional performance test that measures the number of repetitions a person can do of sets of pushups, back extensions, rowers, squats, dips, and burpees. The total score is the total repetitions completed within 5 minutes. The minimum score is zero repetitions; there is no maximum number of repetitions. A higher number of repetitions indicates better functional status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline number or repetitions from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

7-to-1 Pyramid Test is a functional performance test that measures the number of repetitions a person can do of sets of pushups, back extensions, rowers, squats, dips, and burpees. The total score is the total repetitions completed within 5 minutes. The minimum score is zero repetitions; there is no maximum number of repetitions. A higher number of repetitions indicates better functional status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline number or repetitions from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

7-to-1 Pyramid Test is a functional performance test that measures the number of repetitions a person can do of sets of pushups, back extensions, rowers, squats, dips, and burpees. The total score is the total repetitions completed within 5 minutes. The minimum score is zero repetitions; there is no maximum number of repetitions. A higher number of repetitions indicates better functional status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline number or repetitions from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

7-to-1 Pyramid Test is a functional performance test that measures the number of repetitions a person can do of sets of pushups, back extensions, rowers, squats, dips, and burpees. The total score is the total repetitions completed within 5 minutes. The minimum score is zero repetitions; there is no maximum number of repetitions. A higher number of repetitions indicates better functional status. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline number or repetitions from score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with positive values.

PROMIS Fatigue reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse fatigue. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Fatigue T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Fatigue reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse fatigue. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Fatigue T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Fatigue reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse fatigue. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Fatigue T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.

PROMIS Fatigue reported in T-score, range 0-100, with 50 corresponding to the mean score and higher scores indicate worse fatigue. Change score is computed by subtracting baseline Fatigue T-score from T-score at time of reassessment. Improvement is indicated by change scores with negative values.