Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) is a global pandemics which affects many organs and systems with a range of morbidities and high mortality rates. There are a number of studies revealed that COVID-19 may affect the testes and male genital tract which may in turn disrupt the gonadal functions.The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on semen parameters and sex-related hormone levels.

In this current study, the investigators aimed to elucidate the alteration in semen parameters of the infertile male patients who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2, through the comparison of the spermiogram results which were reported before and after the diagnosis of COVID-19. The investigators also aimed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the sex-related hormone levels as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone (T). The current study is conducted in Ankara City Hospital, the highest capacity tertiary health care center of the capital town of Turkey. The study included 21 patients who applied to Ankara City Hospital, Andrology Clinic for male infertility up to 05 October, 2020 and have had the semen analyses reported before and after the clinically confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 through reverse transcriptase PCR. Besides the semen analyses, 8 of these 21 patients have also the had the reported levels of T, FSH and LH which were also analyzed.

Inclusion Criteria:

Reproductive age Infertile men Clinically confirmed (with reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction-RT PCR) COVID-19 history Semen analyses performed before and after the diagnosis of COVID-19 (must be applicable for all patients) Sex-related hormone levels including FSH, LH, and T which were reported before and after the diagnosis of COVID-19 (was applicable for some of the patients)

Exclusion Criteria:

Azoospermia Semen analyses performed only before or after the diagnosis of COVID-19 Semen analysis performed in another hospital RT-PCR results which were reported in another hospital Chronical renal disease Chronical liver failure Patient age lower than 18 years old

The data of overall 25 patients who applied to our clinic for infertility evaluation and have had the semen analysis results reported before, and after the diagnosis of COVID-19 were reviewed. The 4 of the patients were found to have azoospermia. Due to the difficulty to compare the change at semen parameters in case of azoospermia as before and after results, these 4 patients were excluded. The study included 21 patients in final analyses. The results were presented through the two dependent group analyses, based on the patients' data collected before and after the diagnosis of COVID-19.

The diagnosis of COVID-19 had been established according to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in the sample taken from nasopharynx with a cotton swap, which was examined through the RT-PCR. None of the patients were at active phase of the COVID-19 at time of the semen sampling.The serum samples for hormone analyses were obtained on the same days with the semen samplings.

Data belonging to participants will be available to any researcher or editorial reviewer board if needed.