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Single blind prospective randomized comparative study. 76 children between 6 months and 3 years with cleft lip will be divided in two groups. 38 children group C conventional group and 38 children group S infraorbital nerve block group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| intravenous analgesia | Experimental |
| |
| infraorbital nerve block | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bupivacain | Drug | The infraorbital foramen was located at the floor of the orbital rim at about the level of the pupil,The upper lip was folded back and a finger is placed externally at the level of the infraorbital foramen to prevent the needle from the cephalad insertion in the globe of the eye. A 27-gauge needle was bent about 70 degree to ease the insertion through the buccal mucosa over the maxillary process, towards the infraorbital foramen. After careful aspiration the local anesthetic was injected (injection of 3 ml 0.25% bupivacaine in 1:200.000 adrenaline ,1.5 ml on each side). [104] Pressure was needed to be applied for one minute to the area as there is loose adventitious tissue that can lead to swelling and ecchymosis |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative opioid consumption | Total rescue doses of morphine | 24 huors |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 460932 | Background | Pain terms: a list with definitions and notes on usage. Recommended by the IASP Subcommittee on Taxonomy. Pain. 1979 Jun;6(3):249. No abstract available. | |
| 16118385 | Background | Lee SJ, Ralston HJ, Drey EA, Partridge JC, Rosen MA. Fetal pain: a systematic multidisciplinary review of the evidence. JAMA. 2005 Aug 24;294(8):947-54. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.8.947. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002045 | Bupivacaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
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| i.v. analgesia | Combination Product | Using inhalational induction with sevoflurane as tolerated , atracurium 0.5mg/kg to facilitate endotracheal intubation and fentanyl 1 mcg/kg ,Mechanical ventilation was adjusted to maintain 30 to 35 mmHg end-tidal carbon dioxide, anesthesia was maintained with 1.5 % isoflurane and atracurium (0.1 mg/kg every 30 minutes) ,all patients were received intraoperative diclofenac sodium 0.5 mg/kg intramuscular . Blood pressure and heart rate were measured 5 minutes after endotracheal intubation and every 15 minutes till recovery from the anesthesia then every 15 min in the postoperative care unite for 30 minutes |
|
| Background | Tremlett M. Anaesthesia for cleft lip and palate surgery. Curr Anaesth Crit Care. 2004;15:309-16. |
| Background | Doyle E, Hudson I. Anesthesia for primary repair of cleft lip and cleft palate: a review of 244 procedures. Paediatr Anaesth 1992; 2: 139-145. |
| 12358652 | Background | Takemura H, Yasumoto K, Toi T, Hosoyamada A. Correlation of cleft type with incidence of perioperative respiratory complications in infants with cleft lip and palate. Paediatr Anaesth. 2002 Sep;12(7):585-8. doi: 10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00906.x. |
| D000588 |
| Amines |