Dexmedetomidine Versus Ketamine Versus Midazolam in Endoscopic Procedures

Safety and Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine vs Ketamine vs Midazolam Combined With Propofol in Gastrointestinal Procedures for Cancer Patients

This study aims to assess the safety and efficacy of dexmedetomidine versus ketamine versus midazolam combined with propofol in cancer patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.

Comparison between using intravenous (IV) propofol combined with either IV dexmedetomidine or IV ketamine or IV midazolam; to study the effect of their combination on level of sedation and hemodynamic stability on adult patients scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients scheduled for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures
• ≥ Age 18 years
• ASA I-II

Exclusion Criteria:

• Allergy to any of the used drugs
• impaired renal or liver functions
• hypertensive patients
• patients with cardiovascular
• cerebrovascular disease