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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Tel Aviv University | OTHER |
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to investigate the effect of stimulation intensity on motor performance in healthy adults.
60 healthy subjects were randomly allocated to one of three groups: (a) 20-min of High-Definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) with an intensity of 2 mA (HD-tDCS 2 mA); (2) 20-min of HD-tDCS with an intensity of 1.5 mA (HD-tDCS 1.5 mA); and (3) 20-min of sham HD-tDCS (HD-tDCS sham). The stimulation was administered noninvasively using an M x N 9-channel high definition transcranial electrical current stimulator from Soterix Medical (New York, NY). The anodal stimulation targeted the right Brodmann area 4 (primary motor cortex) based on HD-Targets brain modelling software (Soterix Medical, New York, NY).
Tests: The non-dominant left arm was tested. The subjects performed a sequential point-to-point movement task on the graphics tablet. Initially, the participants were required to perform 3 sequences without errors to familiarize themselves with the setup, the task and the sequence. Then, they performed the pre-test which consisted of two blocks of 6 sequences, i.e. 12 sequences, with a 30 s break between blocks. Two min after starting the appropriate stimulation, they performed 2 blocks of 6 sequences (identical to the pre-test). After finishing the tDCS stimulation, the participants performed a post-test, which was also identical to the pre-test. The participants returned after 24 hours to perform a retention test, which was equivalent to the pre- and post-tests. Two outcome measures were used: movement time (s) and the reaction time (s) of the reaching movements.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| HD-tDCS 2 mA | Experimental | Single session of 20-min HD-tDCS to the right primary motor cortex with an intensity of 2 mA. The session lasted approximately one hour. The participants returned after 24 hours to perform a retention test. |
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| HD-tDCS 1.5 mA | Experimental | Single session of 20-min HD-tDCS to the right primary motor cortex with an intensity of 1.5 mA. The session lasted approximately one hour. The participants returned after 24 hours to perform a retention test. |
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| Control | Sham Comparator | Single session of 20-min of sham HD-tDCS. The session lasted approximately one hour. The participants returned after 24 hours to perform a retention test. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HD-tDCS 2 mA | Device | anodal high definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the right primary motor cortex with an intensity of 2 mA |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in movement time (s) from baseline to intervention | Time from movement onset (first time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity) until the end of the movement (the last time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity). Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter movement time. | Baseline (immediately before stimulation), two minutes after starting the stimulation |
| Change in movement time (s) from baseline to posttest | Time from movement onset (first time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity) until the end of the movement (the last time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity). Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter movement time. | Baseline (immediately before stimulation), immediately post stimulation |
| Change in movement time (s) from baseline to retention test | Time from movement onset (first time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity) until the end of the movement (the last time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity). Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter movement time. | Baseline (immediately before stimulation), 24 hours following the stimulation |
| Change in movement time (s) from intervention to posttest | Time from movement onset (first time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity) until the end of the movement (the last time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity). Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter movement time. | Two minutes after starting the stimulation, immediately post stimulation |
| Change in movement time (s) from intervention to retention test |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Silvi Frenkel-Toledo | Ariel University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ariel University | Ariel | Israel |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34174914 | Derived | Lerner O, Friedman J, Frenkel-Toledo S. The effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation intensity on motor performance in healthy adults: a randomized controlled trial. J Neuroeng Rehabil. 2021 Jun 26;18(1):103. doi: 10.1186/s12984-021-00899-z. |
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The datasets (Study Protocol, Statistical Analysis Plan, Informed Consent Form, Analytic Code generated during and/or analyzed during the current study) are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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randomized controlled trial (RCT)
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| HD-tDCS 1.5 mA | Device | anodal high definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the right primary motor cortex with an intensity of 1.5 mA |
|
| HD-tDCS sham | Device | sham stimulation of the right primary motor cortex |
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Time from movement onset (first time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity) until the end of the movement (the last time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity). Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter movement time. |
| Two minutes after starting the stimulation, 24 hours following the stimulation |
| Change in movement time (s) from posttest to retention test | Time from movement onset (first time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity) until the end of the movement (the last time the tangential velocity was greater than 5% of the peak tangential velocity). Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter movement time. | immediately post stimulation, 24 hours following the stimulation |
| Change in reaction time (s) from baseline to intervention | Time between when the target appeared in green (changed color from white to green), and movement onset. Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter reaction time. | Baseline (immediately before stimulation), two minutes after starting the stimulation |
| Change in reaction time (s) from baseline to posttest | Time between when the target appeared in green (changed color from white to green), and movement onset. Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter reaction time. | Baseline (immediately before stimulation), immediately post stimulation |
| Change in reaction time (s) from baseline to retention test | Time between when the target appeared in green (changed color from white to green), and movement onset. Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter reaction time. | Baseline (immediately before stimulation), 24 hours following the stimulation |
| Change in reaction time (s) from intervention to posttest | Time between when the target appeared in green (changed color from white to green), and movement onset. Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter reaction time. | Two minutes after starting the stimulation, immediately post stimulation |
| Change in reaction time (s) from intervention to retention test | Time between when the target appeared in green (changed color from white to green), and movement onset. Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter reaction time. | Two minutes after starting the stimulation, 24 hours following the stimulation |
| Change in reaction time (s) from posttest to retention test | Time between when the target appeared in green (changed color from white to green), and movement onset. Improved motor performance was indicated by a shorter reaction time. | immediately post stimulation, 24 hours following the stimulation |