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Low cardiorespiratory fitness is related cardiovascular and total mortality. In addition, disease risk is increased with low cardiorespiratory fitness. There is strong evidence that physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with health variables in healthy individuals. Pilates exercises, which are the subgroups of physical activity, has become popular in recent years. Current evidence suggests that Pilates training improves body composition, respiratory muscle strength, exercise performance and quality of life. In addition to these benefits, recent evidence suggests that Pilates training can improve cardiorespiratory fitness. However, there is lack of evidence on whether practicing Pilates exercises satisfy recommendations for intensity of physical activity which improves and maintains health and cardiovascular fitness.
The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the cardiorespiratory responses during a Pilates training session, by measuring cardiorespiratory fitness through oxygen consumption and energy expenditure. The secondary aim of this study is to compare the cardiorespiratory responses during Pilates training session and treadmill walking at different speeds (3.2 kmh and 4.8 kmh).
First, resting metabolic rate will be measured. Then, the participants will be randomized to one of the two possible experimental conditions: (1) Pilates training session than treadmill walking or (2) treadmill walking than Pilates training session. Pilates session will consist of warm-up exercises (e.g. breathing, arm circle, cat and camel spinal rotation etc.) and basic mat exercises (e.g. one leg stretching, double leg stretching, the hundred, saw, rolling like a ball, swimming, pelvic curl etc.). The Pilates session will be presented to the participants via recorded video. Participants will walk on treadmill at two different speeds: 3.2 kph (2 mph) and 4.8 kph (3 mph). Participants initially will walk at pace of 3.2 kph for 10 minutes. After 30-40 minutes- rest (after returning baseline values), participants will walk on at pace of 4.8 kph for 10 minutes.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Resting | No Intervention | ||
| Pilates exercise session | Experimental |
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| Treadmill walking at 3.2 kph | Active Comparator |
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| Treadmill walking at 4.8 kph | Active Comparator |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pilates exercise session | Behavioral | The Pilates session will consist of warm-up exercises (e.g. breathing, arm circle, cat and camel spinal rotation etc.) and basic mat exercises (e.g. one leg stretching, double leg stretching, the hundred, saw, rolling like a ball, swimming, pelvic curl etc.). The Pilates session will be presented to the participants via pre-recorded video. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Oxygen Consumption (VO2) | Cardiopulmonary exercise testing system will be used to oxygen consumption (L/kg/min) assessments. Oxygen consumption is an indicator of aerobic capacity. Higher scores indicate higher aerobic capacity. The mean of oxygen consumption will be recorded for resting state, Pilates session, treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed, and treadmill walking at 4.8 kph. | Through basal metabolic rate assessment completion (20 minutes), through Pilates session completion (45 minutes), through treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed completion (10 minutes), through treadmill walking at 4.8 kph speed completion (10 minutes). |
| Energy Expenditure | A cardiopulmonary exercise testing system will be used to assess energy expenditure (kcal/min). Higher scores indicate higher energy expenditure. The mean of energy expenditure will be recorded for resting state, Pilates session, treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed, and treadmill walking at 4.8 kph. | Through basal metabolic rate assessment completion (20 minutes), through Pilates session completion (45 minutes), through treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed completion (10 minutes), through treadmill walking at 4.8 kph speed completion (10 minutes). |
| Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) | Metabolic Equivalent of Task (MET) defines the expression of the intensity of physical activity. 1 MET is the rate of energy expenditure while at rest, set by convention at 3.5 mL of oxygen per kilogram per minute (mL.kg.min-1). A cardiopulmonary exercise testing system will be used to assess the MET values. Higher scores indicate higher exercise intensity. The mean of MET will be recorded for resting state, Pilates session, treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed, and treadmill walking at 4.8 kph. | Through basal metabolic rate assessment completion (20 minutes), through Pilates session completion (45 minutes), through treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed completion (10 minutes), through treadmill walking at 4.8 kph speed completion (10 minutes). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate | Heart rate (beats.min-1) will be assessed using a heart rate monitor. The chest strap will be secured to participants against their skin below the sternum. Higher scores indicate higher heart rate. The mean of heart rate will be recorded for resting state, Pilates session, treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed, and treadmill walking at 4.8 kph. | Through basal metabolic rate assessment completion (20 minutes), through Pilates session completion (45 minutes), through treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed completion (10 minutes), through treadmill walking at 4.8 kph speed completion (10 minutes). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Izmir Katip Celebi University | Izmir | 35620 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Treadmill walking at 3.2 kph | Behavioral | Participants will walk on a treadmill at 3.2 kph (2 mph) speed for 10 minutes. |
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| Treadmill walking at 4.8 kph | Behavioral | Participants will walk on a treadmill at 4.8 kph (2 mph) speed for 10 minutes. |
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| Maximum Heart Rate (%MHR) | Maximum Heart Rate (%MHR) will be assessed using a heart rate monitor. Heart rate data will be multiplied by 100 and divided by the predicted maximum heart rate to determine the percentage of maximum predicted heart rate (%MHR) achieved by each individual. Higher scores indicate higher exercise intensity. The mean of %MHR will be recorded for resting state, Pilates session, treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed, and treadmill walking at 4.8 kph. | Through basal metabolic rate assessment completion (20 minutes), through Pilates session completion (45 minutes), through treadmill walking at 3.2 kph speed completion (10 minutes), through treadmill walking at 4.8 kph speed completion (10 minutes). |
| The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) - short form | The International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) - short form will be used to inquire about the physical activity levels of the participants. This questionnaire consists of seven questions asking participants to remind the last week's physical activity. The IPAQ-short form inquiries about the number of days and amount of the spent walking, sitting or participating in moderate (e.g., bicycling at a regular pace) and vigorous-intensity activities (e.g., fast bicycling, digging) and reports the frequency and duration of these activity. Higher scores indicate higher levels of physical activity. | At baseline |