The Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile

Evaluating the Distribution of Gingival Display and Possible Related Factors Resulting in Gummy Smile

This study primarily aimed to evaluate smile line distribution and prevalence of gummy smile in patients. The secondary purpose was to examine parameters that might be risk factors for gummy smile.

this study primarily aimed to evaluate smile line distribution and prevalence of gummy smile in patients. The secondary purpose was to examine parameters that might be risk factors for gummy smile.Age, gender, marital status, medical history, and medication status of the patients were recorded. All individuals were instructed to sit on a dental chair and the measurments were made by using a millimetric ruler.Next, the patients were grouped according to Liebart's classification by gingival display at maximum smile as follows: Class 1.Excessive gingival display (Gummy smile): ≥ 3mm gingival display Class 2.High smile line: 0-2 mm of gingival display Class 3. Average smile line: Dental papilla is visible. Class 4. Low smile line: Gingival margin, dental papilla is not visible at all. Presence of altered passive eruption, short lip and hypermobile upper lip were also evaluated.

Inclusion Criteria:

• presence of teeth in upper jaw
• Age between 18-65 years

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have received and/or are receiving orthodontic treatment and patients who received gummy smile treatment were excluded.