Comparison of Dimensional Changes After Tooth Extractions Between Xenograft and Allograft

A Pilot RCT Study Comparing Dimensional Alterations After Socket Grafting With Xenograft Versus Allograft

To compare dimensional changes in extraction socket of single rooted teeth, 6 months post extraction, when grafted with xenograft versus allograft.

AIM To compare dimensional changes in extraction socket of single rooted teeth, 6 months post extraction, when grafted with xenograft versus allograft.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE

Horizontal and vertical dimensional changes of extraction sockets as evaluated in a CBCT scan immediately post extraction and 6 months post extraction when grafted with xenograft versus allograft.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVE

1. Difference in horizontal dimensional changes in xenograft and allograft groups as measured intra-operatively after extraction and at re- entry 6 months post extraction.
2. Difference in vertical dimensional changes in xenograft and allograft groups as measured intra-operatively after extraction and at re- entry 6 months post extraction.
3. Difference in histologic analysis of bone biopsy cores taken in xenograft and allograft groups at 6 months re-entry from osteotomy site.

Difference in newly regenerated supracrestal bone height and volume will be measured directly from the segmented images from MicroCT.

NULL HYPOTHESIS

There is no difference between the two groups for any of the parameters evaluated.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males or females ≥ 21 years of age
2. Able to provide informed consent
3. Good general oral health (no active periodontal disease, absence of hopeless teeth, absence of active caries, absence of acute infections)
4. Single rooted non molar teeth needing extraction for miscellaneous reasons (since histological analysis is being done, it is essential to harvest bone core biopsies without inclusion of native bone16)
5. Presence of natural teeth adjacent to the tooth planned for extraction
6. Absence of acute signs of infection such as pus discharge, fistulous tract and / or abscess in relation to tooth being extracted
7. Dehiscence type defects of the sockets limited to 2/3rd length of the root

Exclusion Criteria:

Systemic conditions

1. Conditions and circumstances as evaluated by investigator that would prevent completion of study participation
2. Conditions requiring chronic routine use of antibiotics or steroids
3. History of leukocyte dysfunction or deficiencies, bleeding disorders, neoplastic disease requiring radiation or chemotherapy, metabolic bone disorder, uncontrolled endocrine disorders, HIV infections
4. Alcoholism or drug abuse and heavy smokers >10 cigarettes a day
5. Simultaneous participation in other studies
6. Pregnancy - Patients pregnant before the start of the study or patients who become pregnant during the course of the study

Local conditions

1. Untreated periodontitis, caries or presence of hopeless teeth (other than the one planned for extraction)
2. Multi rooted teeth
3. Irradiation therapy
4. Osseous lesions
5. Missing teeth adjacent to the tooth being extracted
6. Implant restorations adjacent to the tooth being extracted
7. Multiple socket walls missing following extraction or buccal dehiscence defect extending to the apex of the root