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To determine whether 3D models of fetus' face created from 3D ultrasound will increase maternal attachment and aid in smoking cessation. Half of participants will receive 3D model and half will receive a picture of 3D ultrasound of their baby
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3D printed model | Experimental | Mother is given 3D printed model of fetus' face |
|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Mother is given printed picture of 3D ultrasound of fetus |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3D printed model | Behavioral | Mother is given 3D printed model of fetus' face |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale (MAAS) | The MAAS is a 19 item questionnaire measuring maternal-fetal attachment. Each item has five answer choices scored from 1 low attachment to 5 high attachment such that the total score ranges from 19 to 95. The measure also includes two subscales: (1) Quality of Attachment has 10 items with a range of 10-50 and measures the quality of the mother's attachment to her fetus. (2) Time measures the time spent in attachment mode (or intensity of preoccupation) and consists of 8 items for a range of 8 to 40. (for clarity one item included in the total score is not included in either subscale.) | 5 minutes |
| The Timeline Follow Back (TLFB): | This semi-structured interview utilizes a calendar to aid in participants' recall of smoking throughout pregnancy. The TLFB method is the preferred approach to measure substance use and has shown reliability when used for pregnant women in previous studies | 10 minutes |
| Salivary cotinine | Cotinine is a stable nicotine metabolite produced by the liver. This is to test amount mother has smoked. | 5 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
women currently pregnant (between 21- and 36-weeks' gestation)
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Cote, MD | Contact | 4023438511 | john.cote@alegent.org | |
| Caroline A Nubel, BPS | Contact | 4022804032 | carolinenubel@creighton.edu |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| John Cote, MD | Creighton University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Creighton University | Recruiting | Omaha | Nebraska | 68178 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39475978 | Derived | Cote JJ, Cote RD, Dilsaver DB, Massey SH, Doehrman P, Cote BP, Kilzer R, Badura-Brack AS. Effects of 3D ultrasonography and 3D printed images on maternal-fetal attachment and its correlation with overall smoking within pregnancy: a pilot study. 3D Print Med. 2024 Oct 30;10(1):35. doi: 10.1186/s41205-024-00238-7. |
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3D ultrasound and picture of ultrasound or 3D ultrasound and printed model of fetal face
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| Placebo | Behavioral | Mother is given a picture of 3D ultrasound of fetus |
|