A national survey on the prevalence and natural history of endocrine complications in thalassemia transfusion--dependent patients treated with deferasirox was designed, in order to assess a larger population during a longer follow up and improve the quality of previous investigations.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult and pediatric patients with transfusion---dependent thalassemia;
• Chelation with deferasirox as assigned chelation therapy;
• Available medical history including relevant clinical data (age at start of transfusion regimen, age at start of chelation therapy, prior chelation therapy, concomitant diseases and concomitant treatments, including hormonal replacement treatments if appropriate) and laboratory data (e.g TSH, FT3 and FT4, fasting serum glucose, OGTT serum glucose, bone mineral density z---score, T---score, g/cm2, PTH, FSH, LH, testosterone and estradiol, serum ferritin, liver function tests,renal function tests, MRI T2* value) at baseline and at the end of study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Non transfusion- dependent patients;
• Other chelation therapy than deferasirox or combination with other chelators during the observation;
• Absence of complete medical history as above specified

All consecutive patients visited at the participating sites since September 2009 were recruited into the cohort provided the inclusion criteria were met: affected by TDT and on deferasirox monotherapy during the study period.