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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Massachusetts General Hospital | OTHER |
| Stanford University | OTHER |
| Yale University | OTHER |
| Harvard University |
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The aim of the study is to build off results from our first experiment (NCT04371419) , and test whether messages that acknowledge racial injustice on behalf of institutions affect the retention of knowledge and movement of beliefs and behavior with respect to Covid-19. The investigators will also test the effect of concordance of providers and whether highlighting the unequal burden of the disease has additional effects on knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding covid-19. The sample will include African American and white adult Americans and oversample those with less than a college degree.
Recent data have shown that covid19 is disproportionately infecting and killing African Americans and Latinx people in the United States. Moreover, since our last experiment, the killing of George Floyd by Minnesota police has raised awareness of structural racism in the United States.
The aim of the study is to build off results from our first experiment (NCT04371419) , and test whether messages that acknowledge racial injustice on behalf of institutions affect the retention of knowledge and movement of beliefs and behavior with respect to Covid-19. The investigators will also test the effect of concordance of providers and whether highlighting the unequal burden of the disease has additional effects on knowledge, beliefs and behavior regarding covid-19.The sample will include African American and white adult Americans and oversample those with less than a college degree.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| AMA RI - B- B - R | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
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| AMA RI - B - B - N | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
|
| AMA RI - W - W - R | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA | Behavioral | Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
| Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention - Follow up | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. Incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention |
| Incidence Rate for Information-seeking Behavior: Control vs. Any Intervention | Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to five links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5. | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
| Incidence Rate - Safety Gap Score: Control vs. Any Intervention | Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4. | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPAL North America | Cambridge | Massachusetts | 02138 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34259846 | Derived | Torres C, Ogbu-Nwobodo L, Alsan M, Stanford FC, Banerjee A, Breza E, Chandrasekhar AG, Eichmeyer S, Karnani M, Loisel T, Goldsmith-Pinkham P, Olken BA, Vautrey PL, Warner E, Duflo E; COVID-19 Working Group. Effect of Physician-Delivered COVID-19 Public Health Messages and Messages Acknowledging Racial Inequity on Black and White Adults' Knowledge, Beliefs, and Practices Related to COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2021 Jul 1;4(7):e2117115. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.17115. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Intervention: AMA RI - B- B - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color . Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Sep 4, 2020 |
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| OTHER |
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| AMA RI - W - W - N | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
|
| AMA DP - B- B - R | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color . |
|
| AMA DP - B- B - N | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
|
| AMA DP - W- W - R | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
|
| AMA DP - W- W - N | Experimental | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. |
|
| Control: AMA RI - B - B | Placebo Comparator | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA |
|
| Control: AMA RI - W - W | Placebo Comparator | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA |
|
| Control: AMA DP - B - B | Placebo Comparator | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing |
|
| Control: AMA DP - W - W | Placebo Comparator | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing |
|
|
| African American Sender Acknowledgement | Behavioral | Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA |
|
| African American Sender in Informational Videos. | Behavioral | Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. |
|
| Racial Inequality Highlighted | Behavioral | Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts |
|
| AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing | Behavioral | Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing |
|
| White Sender in Acknowledgement | Behavioral | Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement |
|
| White Sender in Informational Videos | Behavioral | Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video |
|
| No Racial Inequality Highlighting | Behavioral | In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted |
|
| Placebo videos | Behavioral | Videos not related to covid-19 will be shown |
|
| Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks: Control vs. Any Intervention | WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card. | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
| Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
| Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap - Follow up | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention |
| Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Information-seeking Behavior | Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to 5 links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
| Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Safety Gap Score | Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention. |
| OLS Regression Coefficients - Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks | WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card. The regression coefficients compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for WTP masks). | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
| FG001 | Intervention: AMA RI - B - B - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted |
| FG002 | Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video |
| FG003 | Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted |
| FG004 | Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color . African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing |
| FG005 | Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted |
| FG006 | Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video |
| FG007 | Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted |
| FG008 | Control: AMA RI - B - B | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA |
| FG009 | Control: AMA RI - W - W | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA |
| FG010 | Control: AMA DP - B - B | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing |
| FG011 | Control: AMA DP - W - W | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing |
| Completed the Knowledge Questions, Included for the Knowledge Gaps Analysis |
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| Completed the Entire Survey, Included for All Analysis Besides Knowledge Gaps, Except Follow-up |
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| Completed the Follow-up Survey |
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| COMPLETED | Participants who completed follow-up and have no missing on baseline observables, included for follow-up analysis |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Intervention | Participants who are assigned to any intervention groups |
| BG001 | Control | Participants who are assigned to a control group |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
| |||||||||||||||
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| High school graduate | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Household income above 60k | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Party Affiliation | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Preventive practices: mask in (always) | Count of Participants | Participants |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Preventive practices: mask out (always) | Count of Participants | Participants |
| ||||||||||||||||
| Preventive practices: wash hands (always) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Preventive practices: distance (always) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. | Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | proportion of knowledge gaps | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate for Knowledge Gaps: Control vs. Any Intervention - Follow up | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. Incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. | Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | proportion of knowledge gaps | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate for Information-seeking Behavior: Control vs. Any Intervention | Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to five links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5. | Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | proportion of links | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate - Safety Gap Score: Control vs. Any Intervention | Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4. | Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | proportion of safety gaps | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention. |
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| Primary | Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks: Control vs. Any Intervention | WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card. | Any intervention was indeed an arm that included each sub arm of different types of message that we tested against a control and pre-specified in our study protocol and analysis plan to combine arms for analysis. | Posted | Mean | 95% Confidence Interval | dollar | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:
Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | ratio | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Knowledge Gap - Follow up | Participants were asked to identify ways to prevent COVID-19 spread and identify four common symptoms. The incidence rate for knowledge gaps is the count of knowledge gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 10. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:
Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | ratio | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Information-seeking Behavior | Participants were offered the option of requesting additional information on COVID-19 related resources by clicking on up to 5 links that included more content. We measured "information seeking behavior" as the number of links for which participants expressed interest, a count variable between 0 (lowest information seeking behavior) and 5 (greatest information seeking behavior). Incidence rate for interest in links is the count of links demanded divided by the maximum possible count: 5. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:
Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | ratio | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
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| Primary | Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) - Safety Gap Score | Participants were asked about how often they engaged in four behaviors of interest: if they wore a mask indoors/outdoors; if they washed their hands; if they followed social distancing guidelines. The safety gap index takes values of 0 (if a participant reported that they always practiced the four behaviors of interest) up to 4 (none). Incidence rate for safety gaps is the count of safety gaps divided by the maximum possible count: 4. The incidence rate ratio compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single negative binomial regression. | Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:
Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | ratio | The outcome was measured at a follow-up within 2 weeks following the intervention. |
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| Primary | OLS Regression Coefficients - Willingness to Pay (WTP) for Masks | WTP: the participants will be asked to choose between two masks vs an unrestricted gift card. They will be asked what amount of gift card would make them just as happy to receive two mask versus the gift card. The regression coefficients compares the incidence rate of participants in Arm A vs. Arm B within the intervention group (i.e. those who received covid-19-related videos), within in the control group (i.e. those who saw placebo videos), or across the intervention and control group. Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. The overall number of participants analyzed is all equal across 6 arms/groups because the outcome measure data presented below came from a single ordinary least squares (OLS) regression for WTP masks). | Arms were combined to assess the differential effectiveness of each unique video message by comparing participants in Arm A vs. Arm B, since Arm A cut across several other studies:
Arms A and B are described in each Arm/Group Title. | Posted | Number | 95% Confidence Interval | dollar | The outcome was measured immediately following the intervention in the baseline survey. |
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31 days
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Intervention: AMA RI - B- B - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color . Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts | 0 | 2,046 | 0 | 2,046 | 0 | 2,046 |
| EG001 | Intervention: AMA RI - B - B - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted | 0 | 2,044 | 0 | 2,044 | 0 | 2,044 |
| EG002 | Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video | 0 | 2,045 | 0 | 2,045 | 0 | 2,045 |
| EG003 | Intervention: AMA RI - W - W - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted | 0 | 2,046 | 0 | 2,046 | 0 | 2,046 |
| EG004 | Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color . African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing | 0 | 2,044 | 0 | 2,044 | 0 | 2,044 |
| EG005 | Intervention: AMA DP - B- B - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA African American Sender in Informational Videos.: Investigators will vary the sender of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive a African American sender in informational videos. AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted | 0 | 2,052 | 0 | 2,052 | 0 | 2,052 |
| EG006 | Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - R | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. Racial Inequality Highlighted: Investigators will include information on race-specific covid-19 cases and deaths in one variation in the messaging. In this arm, participants receive disproportionate race-specific Covid-19 facts AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video | 0 | 2,046 | 0 | 2,046 | 0 | 2,046 |
| EG007 | Intervention: AMA DP - W- W - N | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will be white - the message on Covid-19 will not include information on the disproportionate impact on communities of color. AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing White Sender in Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm, participants receive a white sender in the acknowledgement White Sender in Informational Videos: Investigators will vary the messenger of the informational covid-19 videos. In this arm, participants receive white sender in the informational video No Racial Inequality Highlighting: In this arm, the disproportionate burden of Covid-19 on communities of color will not be highlighted | 0 | 2,043 | 0 | 2,043 | 0 | 2,043 |
| EG008 | Control: AMA RI - B - B | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA | 0 | 1,026 | 0 | 1,026 | 0 | 1,026 |
| EG009 | Control: AMA RI - W - W | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging racial injustice read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. Acknowledgement Racial Injustice AMA: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants will receive a AMA statement on racial injustice. White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA | 0 | 1,025 | 0 | 1,025 | 0 | 1,025 |
| EG010 | Control: AMA DP - B - B | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by an African American individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be African American - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. African American Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a African American sender in acknowledgment of AMA AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing | 0 | 1,023 | 0 | 1,023 | 0 | 1,023 |
| EG011 | Control: AMA DP - W - W | Respondents will be randomized to an AMA statement acknowledging drug pricing read by a white individual. The messenger / doctor in the follow-up AMA videos will also be white - No message on Covid-19 will be shown. White Sender Acknowledgement: Investigators will also vary the messenger of the acknowledgement sender. In this arm participants receive a white sender in acknowledgment of AMA AMA Acknowledgement Drug Pricing: Investigators will examine whether acknowledgements of racial inequality are helpful towards improving knowledge retention and behaviors associated with the intervention among participants. In this arm, participants receive AMA information on drug pricing | 0 | 1,020 | 0 | 1,020 | 0 | 1,020 |
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1. It was conducted online, and the participants may not be representative of the population with less than a college degree, since they have access to the internet and are used to participating in online studies; 2. Participants' preventive health behaviors were not directly observed; 3. Outcomes might be subject to social desirability bias.
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tristan Loisel | JPAL North America | 6307476739 | tloisel@povertyactionlab.org |
| May 26, 2021 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
Not provided
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| Male |
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| Asian |
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| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
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| Black or African American |
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| White |
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| More than one race |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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| Midwest, United States |
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| South, United States |
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| West, United States |
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| Republican |
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| Independent |
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The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG002 | Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG003 | Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor |
| OG004 | Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message. |
| OG005 | Intervention Group vs. Control Group | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages. |
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The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG002 | Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG003 | Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor |
| OG004 | Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message. |
| OG005 | Intervention Group vs. Control Group | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages. |
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| OG001 | Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG002 | Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG003 | Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor |
| OG004 | Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message. |
| OG005 | Intervention Group vs. Control Group | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages. |
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| OG001 | Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG002 | Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG003 | Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor |
| OG004 | Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message. |
| OG005 | Intervention Group vs. Control Group | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages. |
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| Within Intervention Group: AMA Anti-racism (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) |
The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG002 | Within Intervention Group: Doctor Racial Disparity (Arm A) vs. Either/Neither (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the message on the relative incidence of COVID-19 among Black and white individuals and saw covid-19-related messages vs. those who did not see either or neither of the messages. |
| OG003 | Within Control Group: Black Physician (Arm A) vs. White Physician (Arm B) | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw a Black doctor vs. white doctor |
| OG004 | Within Control Group: AMA Anti-racism vs. Either/Neither | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw the AMA anti-racism treatment vs. those who saw the placebo message. |
| OG005 | Intervention Group vs. Control Group | The relative IRR for intervention participants who saw covid-related messages vs. those who did not see any covid-19 related messages. |
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