Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes complication caused by damage to the small blood vessels inside the retina at the back of the eye. Diabetic retinopathy may cause mild vision problems or eventually blindness. Diabetes is a condition that makes your blood sugar levels higher than they should be.

In the early stages of diabetic retinopathy - called non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR)- increased blood sugar levels lead to damage to the tiny blood vessels of the retina. This damage results in small outpouchings of the vessel lumens leading to rupture. At the same time the blood vessels can leak and making the retina swell and can cause so called macula edema. In these early stages of DR current treatment to reduce the risk of this eye complication is focused on controlling blood sugar levels and blood pressure.

Participants in this study have NPDR, Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), a condition in which the kidneys become damaged and do not work as they should. These participants are already taking part in one of the phase 3 studies (FIDELIO-DKD and FIGARO-DKD). They study the effect of Finerenone on delaying kidney disease progression and reducing the risk of events that may cause damage to the heart and blood vessels To learn more about the effect of Finerenone on diabetic retinopathy, data from routine eye examinations performed during the two phase 3 studies will be collected and analyzed. All male and female participants included in this study are at least 18 years.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Signed informed consent to participate in ReFineDR
• Included in FIDELIO or FIGARO, and with DR as medical history
• Documented NPDR in at least one eye, as documented by ophthalmological records within 6 months prior to baseline in FIDELIO or FIGARO, and up to one month after baseline in FIDELIO or FIGARO
• An ophthalmological assessment available 6 month before or maximum 1 month after the baseline examination in FIDELIO or FIGARO, and at least one additional assessment afterwards.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with PDR, macular edema or anterior segment complications present at baseline in FIDELIO or FIGARO in at least one eye.
• Patients with any documentation of prior or planned retinal laser treatment, intravitreal injection or vitrectomy at baseline in FIDELIO or FIGARO in at least one eye.
• Patients with any other retinal disease documented at baseline in FIDELIO or FIGARO in at least one eye that would likely interfere with the study objectives (e.g. neovascular age-related macular degeneration or retinal vein occlusion).

Cohort of patients included in FIDELIO or FIGARO with NPDR. Patients with at least one routine ophthalmological assessment available at baseline in FIDELIO or FIGARO, and one additional measurement at a later time point.

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