An Observational Study, Called FINEXPLORER, to Learn More About How Well Finerenone Works in Adults in Spain With Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Linked to Type 2 Diabetes, by Looking at Changes in a CKD Risk Score

An Observational Prospective Study to Analyse Changes in the Klinrisk Chronic Kidney Disease Progression Model Score in a Cohort of Patients With CKD Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Finerenone in Spain

This is a prospective observational study in which data from people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) who will be receiving finerenone are collected and analyzed.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common in people with type 2 diabetes. It can get worse over time and may lead to kidney failure and heart problems. Doctors often track kidney health using blood and urine tests, including the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR). There are also tools that combine routine laboratory test results to estimate a person's risk of their kidney disease getting worse. One of these tools is called the Klinrisk model.

The study drug, finerenone, is already approved for doctors to prescribe to patients with CKD associated with T2D and albumin in the urine.

Finerenone works by blocking the mineralocorticoid receptor, a protein involved in inflammation and scarring in the kidneys and heart. The study drug, finerenone, is a non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor modulator that aims to reduce harmful kidney and heart changes.

The main purpose of this study is to determine whether the Klinrisk score improves after 2 years of treatment with finerenone in adults with CKD associated with T2D who are treated in routine care. To achieve this, researchers will collect data on:

• Clinical characteristics of participants, including their medical history related to CKD and T2D.
• Variables used to assess the CKD progression, such as eGFR, UACR, and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN).
• Participants' glucose, hemoglobin and potassium levels.

The study will also monitor any medical problems (known as adverse events) that participants may experience during the study. All adverse events will be recorded, regardless of whether they are related to the treatment.

Data will be collected from April 2026 to April 2029 and will cover a period of up to 24 months per participant. Data collection will occur over 5 visits that coincide with routine clinical care: inclusion, follow-up visits at 6, 12, and 18 months (±1 month), and a final visit at 24 months (±1 month).

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who sign the written informed consent to participate in the study.
• Men or women aged ≥18 years.
• Patients with CKD associated with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria (UACR >30 mg/g).
• Patients initiated on finerenone in routine clinical practice, according to the Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC), within the 2 months prior to inclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

• eGFR < 25 mL/min/1.73 m².
• Severe hepatic impairment.
• Clinical diagnosis of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and persistent symptoms.
• Confirmed significant non-diabetic renal disease, including clinically relevant renal artery stenosis.
• Uncontrolled arterial hypertension (mean sitting systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥160 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥100 mmHg at inclusion).
• Concomitant therapy with eplerenone, spironolactone, any renin inhibitor, or a potassium-sparing diuretic that has not been discontinued at least 4 weeks prior to inclusion.