Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the primary cause of illness and death globally, emphasizing the pressing requirement for efficient prevention methods. Recent studies indicate that the gut microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining cardiovascular health, affecting the pathophysiological mechanisms related to CVDs. The potential therapeutic strategies for primary care practitioners included the modulation of the gut microbiome through dietary changes, prebiotics, and probiotics. The aim of this study was to investage the effect of gut microbiome modulation on clinical outcomes after cardiac surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult men and women;
• Cardiovascular surgery;
• Agree to participate in the study and sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant women;
• Patients with preexisting psychotic disorders;
• Decline to participate in the study.

Due to the nature of this research, we could not keep the participants blind to group assignment, but the study staff and statistical analyses were all blind to patient allocation during datacollection.