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This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking and non-surgical periodontal treatment on gingival crevicular fluid CyPA and EMMPRIN levels in patients with periodontitis. Twenty-eight patients with periodontitis (14 non-smoker and 14 smoker) and 30 control subjects (15 non-smoker and 15 smoker) were included into the study. Non-surgical periodontal treatment was applied to all periodontitis patients. Periodontal parameters and GCF CyPA and EMMPRIN levels were evaluated during 3 months following non-surgical periodontal treatment. GCF CyPA and EMMPRIN levels were analyzed by ELISA.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| smoker | Experimental |
| |
| non-smoker | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-surgical periodontal treatment | Procedure | Non-surgical periodontal treatment program was as following: First, motivation and oral hygiene instructions were given to all participants with periodontitis. The modified-Bass tooth brushing technique with a given dentifrice and toothbrush twice a day, and dental flossing/ interdental brushing once a day was advised to all patients with periodontitis. Second, scaling using an ultrasonic device and root planning by hand instruments under local anesthesia was performed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in gingival crevicular fluid CypA total amounts | GCF CyPA levels were analyzed by ELISA | Baseline, 1 week, 1., 3. months |
| Change in gingival crevicular fluid EMMPRIN total amounts | GCF EMMPRIN levels were analyzed by ELISA | Baseline, 1 week, 1., 3. months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in probing depth | Probing depth was measured with Williams periodontal probe. | Baseline, 1., 3. months |
| Change in bleeding on probing | Bleeding on probing was evaluated the presence or absense following bleeding upon probing. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D010518 | Periodontitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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|
| Baseline, 1., 3. months |