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Diabetic microangiopathy refers to the pathological changes of arterioles, capillaries and venules in diabetic patients. Due to the impacts including glycol-metabolism disorder, disturbance of lipid metabolism, cytokine, oxidative stress and hemodynamic changes, the structure and function of microvessels are damaged accordingly. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common and serious chronic microvascular complications of diabetes, and becomes a leading cause of end-stage renal failure(ESRF). Presently, urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) is a widely accepted and relatively reliable indicator for early diagnosis of DN, however, there are 2/3 DN patients with normal albuminuria have decreased glomerular filtration rate (glomerular filtration rate, GFR) and abnormal structure of the kidney, one the other hand, the presence of albuminuria is associated with other vascular dysfunction and kidney disease other than DN, therefore its accuracy is increasingly being challenged.
Sidestream dark field(SDF) imagining technology, as an emerging way to visualize blood vessels, is evaluated in a semi-quantitative manner and provides an effective means to study structure and function of microcirculation. Different from biochemical markers like albuminuria, SDF provides a visual information about vessel structure, density, and quality of diffusion. At present the research of sublingual microcirculation by SDF technique is mainly applied to microcirculation monitoring in patients in the intensive care unit or laboratory animal models with acute hemorrhagic shock to assess the potential of being a tool of diagnosis and treatment prognostic indicator, no relevant research has been carried out to evaluate the predictive value of diabetic microangiopathy in literature so far.
Herein, the investigators designed the study based on SDF imaging to collect scientific data, thus providing strong support for the early assessment and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy and possibly guiding individual therapy in the future.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 | healthy volunteers with normal fasting blood glucose and HbA1c, without hypertension, kidney diseases, or taking drugs that affects microcirculation |
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| Group 2 | type 2 diabetic patients without microvascular complications like Diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic foot or diabetic peripheral neuropathy |
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| Group 3 | type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy diagnosed by clinic or pathology. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sidestream dark field(SDF) imagining | Device | SDF imaging consists of a hand-held device that illuminates a region by surrounding a central light guide with concentrically placed light emitting diodes,which thus provide SDF illumination. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the comparison of the density of total length of the small perfusd vessels(PDV) in the acquisition window between the 3 groups | We use dark-field microcirculation microscopic observation System (Chinese Advanced Vessel Analyse Contrast System 4.0, C - AVA - C version 4.0) developed by Li Hua company to compare interesting parameters of vessels between the three groups. PVD is one of the parameters indicated of the perfused vessel density, calculated by the ratio of the length of small perfusion vessels to the visual field area (unit: mm/mm2) | 21 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the comparison of The density of the total length of small vessels(TVD) in the area of the acquisition window between the 3 groups | We use dark-field microcirculation microscopic observation System (Chinese Advanced Vessel Analyse Contrast System 4.0, C - AVA - C version 4.0) developed by Li Hua company to compare interesting parameters of vessels between the three groups. TVD is one of the parameters indicated of the total vessel density, calculated by the ratio of the length of all small vessels to the visual field area (unit: mm/mm2) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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We collected clinical data of 100 cases with T2DM who hospitalized in our treatment center from March 2019 to September 2020, and SDFI was taken properly.
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The third hospital affiliated to the Third Military Medical University | Chongqing | Chongqing Municipality | 400042 | China |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003924 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| 21 months |
| the comparison of Proportion of De Backer density score between the 3 groups | The score is the result of counting the number of intersections of capillaries with predetermined grid lines and measurement of total capillary length relative to image surface are similarly reliable measures of functional capillary density | 21 months |
| Correlation comparison: The correlation between SDF vascular parameters and the clinical data of the subjects was compared | Main clinical data:1. microalbuminuria；2.microalbuminuria creatinine ratio；3.Ankle brachial index；4.toe brachial index | 21 months |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |