The study is a randomized clinical trial that assesses the clinical success and the antibacterial effect on carious dentine of glass ionomer when modified with Chitosan and/or Titanium dioxide nano particles vs the control group of modification with Chlorhexidine as control when used in primary molars

Participants will be recruited from the acquitted to the clinic of pediatric dentistry department , Faculty of Dentistry of Ain Shams University. random allocation of the participants where indirect pulp capping is indicated so that modified Glass ionomer would be used as the filling material.

partial removal of caries is done then caries sample would be taken and sent for a microbiological evaluation and then, cavity dimensions is recoded, finally placement of the modified glass ionomer in the prepared cavity.

In a total period of 9 months the patients will be followed every 3 months for clinical evaluation and in the final visit the filling would be removed and another bacterial sample would be taken for comparison, then a permanent filling is placed.

Inclusion Criteria:

The teeth will be primary molars selected from patients presented to the outpatient clinic that are

• Healthy patients.
• Age: 4-8 years.
• Children having at least one primary molar with only occlusal caries having dentine lesions wide enough for the smallest excavator to enter (Ø=0.9 mm).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Teeth with pulp involvement, those suffering from pain, irreversible pulpits or pulp necrosis.
• Children with systemic diseases.
• Patients with history of active para-functional oral habits, xerostomia.
• Patients who will have difficulties in cooperating.

All participants and assessors will be masked,the wil just deal with the randomized numbers.

except the care provider because the materials consistency before mixing is obvious in 2 of the 3 groups