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HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) can have subtle but important effects on the brain, leading to difficulties in memory, concentration, or problem solving. Goal-setting interventions have been shown to help individuals maintain their physical activity in order to improve brain health. The study objective is to estimate the extent to which goal management training before a personalized healthy lifestyle program is associated with greater adherence to health recommendations, achievement of health-related goals, and better brain health and general health outcomes compared to the healthy lifestyle program alone. Participants will be randomized to either Goal Management Training (GMT) and a Healthy Lifestyle Program (HLP) or the control group (HLP alone).
Based on healthy aging research in HIV- populations, it is already known that many older people living with HIV could protect or improve their brain health through lifestyle change . However, no intervention is effective if it is not done. Sustained lifestyle change is hard for everyone, but expected to be harder still for those with a chronic condition that affects cognitive ability, eroding the very executive functions needed for effective goal-directed behavior. Thus, the key question is not whether interventions will help brain health in HIV but rather how we can improve adherence to the most promising interventions in people experiencing brain health challenges.
This study will test an innovative approach to enhance adherence to lifestyle interventions, building on feasibility evidence from pilot trials in the Brain Health Now (BHN) study. Goal Management Training (GMT) is a fully manualized cognitive rehabilitation program delivered over 9 weeks in small groups. It targets executive dysfunction, teaching self-management and mindfulness. GMT also trains participants to use explicit strategies to reduce cognitive load in everyday tasks, and methods to cue attention to maintain focus on specific tasks, through weekly 2-h sessions and practice at home. We hypothesize that GMT priming before a personalized Healthy Lifestyle Program (HLP) will improve adherence to that program and subsequently improve health outcomes, compared to the HLP without GMT priming, in cognitively frail men and women living with HIV.
Study objectives
The overall objective of Action for Brain Health Now is to understand, empower and act to protect and improve brain health in HIV, in order to empower patients to take charge of their brain health. This sub-study is directed to the third aim, act. This proposed study addresses the real-world challenge of implementing tailored recommendations, recognizing that the cognitively frail individuals who would benefit the most from lifestyle changes are least equipped to successfully adopt and sustain healthy behaviours. We will trial a novel cognitive rehabilitation approach using goal-management training to boost adherence to a tailored active living intervention.
Specific objective
Estimate the extent to which cognitive rehabilitation before a personalized healthy lifestyle program (HLP) is associated with greater uptake of health recommendations, achievement of health-related goals, and better brain health and general health outcomes compared to the HLP alone.
Methods
Design
A blinded, randomized control trial will be conducted in 100 participants at two sites (Montreal and Vancouver) in order to assess the impact of cognitive rehabilitation on the uptake of a healthy lifestyle program. More specifically, 50 participants will be recruited in Montreal and 50% (i.e. 25 participants) will be assigned to the intervention group and the other 50% (i.e. 25 participants) will be assigned to the control group. The same is true for the site in Vancouver.
Recruitment
The eligibility criteria will be given to the data team who will do a search among the participants and send the investigators a list of ID of potential participants. If these potential participants have agreed, in the main study consent form, to be contacted for sub-studies, they will get a phone call, email or will be contacted directly during a clinic visit by the research coordinator involved in the main study (ABHN). Ethics approval for the Glen site including Royal Victoria Hospital & Center for Innovative Medicine (CIM) / Montreal, the Clinique Médicale l'Actuel / Montreal and Clinique Médicale Urbaine Quartier Latin / Montreal will be obtained through the MUHC REB. A separate application for the university-based clinic at St-Paul's Hospital / Vancouver will be sent to their own REB for approval.
Intervention
The sample will be drawn from cohort participants. The ABHN full cohort will receive a personalized My Personal Brain Health Dashboard populated directly from their study data accompanied by a document with 7 Simple Tips for Better Brain Health. In addition, the participants of this trial will receive a short list of relevant local resources (e.g. low-cost gyms, community social groups, smoking cessation programs). To test whether a cognitive rehabilitation program will increase healthy lifestyle adherence, people meeting eligibility criteria will be identified and, if in Vancouver or Montreal, offered entry into a randomized trial asking whether priming with GMT will increase adherence to a HLP focused on physical and social activity. All of the participants who agree to enter the trial will be invited to attend the Ready, Set Workshop which will occur before randomization at each site (50 participants per site) and will last approximately four hours long.
Ready: All of the participants will be shown how to best interpret the My Personal Brain Health Dashboard. All of the participants will also be provided with the Garmin vívofit 4 Activity Tracker (worn on the wrist); they will also be trained how to use the Garmin vívofit 4 Activity tracker as well as the mobile app that accompanies it, the SmartAge digital platform for activity tracking and feedback (collaborator Guaraldi). Participants who do not have an app compatible device will be provided with one for the duration of the study.
Set: During the Workshop there will be instruction on SMART goals and demonstration of the My Goals app to use for recording and monitoring goals.
Go: Following the workshop, the participants will be randomized to priming with GMT as they enter the HLP, or to entering the HLP directly. The study period will last 52 weeks for both groups. The intervention group will participate in GMT, a standardized cognitive rehabilitation program which will be given as per the manual, which consists of 9 sessions each 2-hours in duration. The control group enters directly into the HLP without any other study visits.
For all the participants, the HLP includes, physical activity monitoring (step count, calories burned and sleep) with the Garmin vívofit 4 Activity Tracker, and recording and monitoring of goals with the My Goals app. Moreover, participants will be offered an exercise program with weaning to community-based resources and home exercise recommendations for longer-term sustainability.
In addition, all participants will be assigned a HLP coach to facilitate the transition into using community resources to meet their goals. The HLP coach will provide feedback, encouragement, and suggestions for increasing activity via weekly phone or text interactions throughout the HLP via the SmartAge Digital Platform. The physical activity target will be current Canadian guidelines for older people (150 minutes per week of moderate to vigorous exercise, accumulated in bouts of at least 10 minutes), while the social activity target will be one social event per week. All the strategies in the HLP have evidence for effectiveness.
The participants will also be asked to track the progress of their goals on the MyGoals app and report their participation in any activities they do by taking a picture of something to represent the activity. A research assistant will record the details of the activity (when, what, if it was alone or in a group) and then the picture will be deleted.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| GMT Intervention + Health Lifestyle Program | Experimental | The intervention group will participate in GMT, a standardized cognitive rehabilitation program which will be given as per the manual and which consists of 9 sessions each 2-hours in duration. They will also participate in the Healthy Lifestyle Program (HLP), which includes physical activity monitoring (step count, calories burned and sleep) with the Garmin vívofit 4 Activity Tracker, and recording and monitoring of goals with the My Goals app. Moreover, participants will be offered an exercise program with weaning to community-based resources and home exercise recommendations for longer-term sustainability. |
|
| Health Lifestyle Program | Active Comparator | The control group enters directly into the HLP without any other study visits. The HLP includes physical activity monitoring (step count, calories burned and sleep) with the Garmin vívofit 4 Activity Tracker, and recording and monitoring of goals with the My Goals app. Moreover, participants will be offered an exercise program with weaning to community-based resources and home exercise recommendations for longer-term sustainability. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Goal-management training | Behavioral | 9-week goal-management program |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in physical activity | Number of weeks in which physical activity guidelines are met (150 min of moderate to vigorous activity in bouts of 10 minutes) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in social activity | Number of weeks in which at least one organized social activity was attended | 0 and 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in goal attainment | Measured by number and diversity of goals set and met | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in physical Activity pattern | Measured by Garmin vívofit 4 Activity Tracker (daily step counts, time spent in various cadence bands, sitting time) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in energy/fatigue | Measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 100, where higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in mood |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adria Quigley, PhD | Contact | (514) 934-1934 | adria.quigley@mail.mcgill.ca |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nancy Mayo, PhD | McGill University | Principal Investigator |
| Marie-Josée Brouillette, MD | McGill University | Principal Investigator |
| Lesley Fellows, PhD/MD |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The John Ruedy Immunodeficiency Clinic | Vancouver | British Columbia | V6Z 1Y6 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34416849 | Derived | Quigley A, Brouillette MJ, Fellows LK, Mayo N. Action for better brain health among people living with HIV: protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Infect Dis. 2021 Aug 20;21(1):843. doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06540-7. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000163 | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015658 | HIV Infections |
| D000086982 | Blood-Borne Infections |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
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| Control | Behavioral | Healthy Lifestyle Program |
|
| 0 and 12 months |
| Change in general health perception | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in sleep | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in distress | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in pain | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States(minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in fatigue | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States(minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in depression | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States(minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in anxiety | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States(minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
| Change in quality of life | Measured using Visual Analogue Health States (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 12 months |
Measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 100, where higher scores indicate a better outcome)
| 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in physical function | Measured using the 36-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-36) (minimum score: 0, maximum score: 100, where higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in cognitive performance | Measured using Brief Cognitive Ability Measure (B-CAM) (minimum score: 0, maximum: 35 in English; minimum:0, maximum: 42 in French; higher scores indicate better cognitive performance) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Self-reported cognition | Measured using Communicating Cognitive Concerns questionnaire (C3Q) (minimum:0, maximum: 36, higher scores indicate better self-reported cognition) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in health-related quality of life | Measured using the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) which includes a health index score (minimum: 0, maximum: 1; higher scores indicate a better outcome) and a visual analog score (minimum:0, maximum: 100; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in global quality of life | Measured using the Patient Generated Index (PGI) (minimum: 1, maximum: 10; higher scores indicate a better outcome) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in Cardiovascular Risk Score | Measured using the Framingham Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score (minimum: 0, maximum: 30; higher score indicates higher cardiovascular disease risk) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| Change in social network size and quality | Measured using the Collaborative Research on Ageing in Europe Social Network Index (minimum: 0, maximum: 100; higher score indicates a better outcome) | 0 and 39 weeks |
| McGill University |
| Principal Investigator |
| Clinique médicale Urbaine Quartier Latin | Montreal | Quebec | H2L 4E9 | Canada |
|
| Clinique Medicale L'Actuel | Montreal | Quebec | H2L 4P9 | Canada |
|
| McGill University Health Centre | Montreal | Quebec | H4A 3J1 | Canada |
|
| D015229 |
| Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral |
| D012749 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
| D016180 | Lentivirus Infections |
| D012192 | Retroviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D012897 | Slow Virus Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D007153 | Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D001519 | Behavior |