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The investigators plan to conduct a cross-sectional survey to examine how social media use during COVID-19 relates to: (1) information management, (2) assessment of the situation, and (3) affect.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Community sample | We plan to recruit a representative sample of the Singapore population. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Use of social media during COVID-19 | Behavioral | Participants' self-reported use of an official WhatsApp channel to receive and share news about COVID-19 |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale | 21-item validated scale assessing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress (DASS-21): Min score = 0, Max score = 21; higher score indicates a worse outcome | Single measurement (upon study enrolment) |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Assessment of COVID-19 situation | 3 items on fear of the situation, confidence the government can manage the situation, and assessed chance of being infected (each rated using 4-point scales: min = 1, max = 4; higher scores indicate increased confidence / likelihood / fear) | Single measurement (upon study enrolment) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Representative sample of the Singapore population
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jean Liu, PhD | Yale-NUS College | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yale-NUS College | Singapore | 138527 | Singapore |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32877349 | Derived | Liu JCJ, Tong EMW. The Relation Between Official WhatsApp-Distributed COVID-19 News Exposure and Psychological Symptoms: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Sep 25;22(9):e22142. doi: 10.2196/22142. |
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Due to stipulations by the Institutional Review Board, data cannot be shared.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D003142 | Communication |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
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| Familiarity and trust in COVID-related rumours |
Participants' self-report of their familiarity (yes/no) and belief of specific (yes/no), and whether they shared these on social media (yes/no) |
| Single measurement (upon study enrolment) |
| D007239 |
| Infections |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |