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Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by carelessness, hyperactivity and impulsivity, in which genetic, social and physical factors play an important role. Few studies have revealed the physical activity levels and importance of children with ADHD, but there is no consensus on the components of the physical activity program such as intensity, frequency, and severity. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of combined exercise training on motor proficiency, physical fitness and cognitive status in children with ADHD.
The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of combined exercise training on motor proficiency, physical fitness and cognitive status in children with ADHD. Children will be randomly divided into 3 groups, for 8 weeks the first group will undergo a combined exercise training under the supervision of a physiotherapist, while the second group will receive a home exercise program. children included in the third group will form the control group.
The following assessments will be applied at the beginning and end of treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supervised exercise group | Experimental | The treatment program was determined as 3 sessions per week for 8 weeks and 60 minutes per session. The treatment program consists of 5 min warm-up exercises, 20 min aerobic exercise, 20 min balance-coordination exercises, 10 min strengthening exercises and 5 min cooling exercises. |
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| Home exercise group | Active Comparator | The exercise program, which is prepared for the individual, will be applied to the home exercise group with 60 minutes of 3 times a week. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | Children will not be included in any treatment program. The assessments will be done again 8 weeks later. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined exercise | Other | Combined exercise program consists of 5 min warm-up exercises, 20 min aerobic exercise, 20 min balance-coordination exercises, 10 min strengthening exercises and 5 min cooling exercises. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Motor Proficiency | Motor proficiency will be evaluated The Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency Second Edition (BOT™-2). t contains subtests and challenging game-like tasks and is very easy to administer. the score of this test ranges from 0 to 322. Higher score indicates better motor proficiency | 45 minutes |
| Cognitive assessment | Dynamic Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (DOTCA-Ch) battery for children allows to evaluate cognitive skills in 5 main topics: orientation, spatial perception, praxis, visual-motor organization and thinking processes. | 90 minutes |
| Physical Fitness | Munich Fitness Test | 15 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Behavior Disorders | Conners Parent Rating Scale consists of 27 items in total. In this scale, questions are answered on a 4-point Likert scale. "Never", "rarely", "often" and "always" options are; It is scored as "0", "1", "2" and "3". High scores from the scale show the intensity of symptoms specific to destructive disorders | 5 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Ankara | 06100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001289 | Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019958 | Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Behaviour characteristics |
Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire - (SDQ) "contains 25 questions, some of which question positive and some negative behavior characteristics. Each sub-title can be evaluated within itself and a separate score can be obtained for each, as well as the sum of the first four titles and the" Total Strength Score ". |
| 5 minutes |
| Hand dominance | Edinburgh Hand Preference Questionnaire was developed to determine the hand preferences of the persons.The sum of the right and left hand scores gives "Cumulative Total (TC)" and subtracting the left hand score from the right hand score gives "Difference score (F)". The result score is obtained by dividing the difference score by the cumulative total score and multiplying it by the face. Result score; It can be interpreted that if the person is less than 40, the person is left dominant, and between -40 and 40, each bilateral dominant, and if greater than 40, the person is right dominant. | 5 minutes |
| gait endurance | 2-minute walking test will be used to determine walking endurance. In this test, a distance of 50 feet (15.2 meters) in length is determined first. The evaluator marks each 10 foot long distance with markers, leaving a cone at the beginning and end of the total distance. | 4 minutes |
| muscle strength | Isometric muscle strength will be evaluated by hand dynamometer. Care is taken to repeat 3 times at short intervals during measurements. The highest value will be used for analysis. 4 muscle groups, including shoulder abductors, grip strength, hip flexors and ankle dorsi flexors, will be evaluated bilaterally. | 10 minutes |
| 10 meter walking test | Walking speed | 2 minutes |
| Open ended questions | these questions for social cooperation and behaviour | 15 minutes |