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The general objective of this project is to investigate the possible efficacy of a training based on proprioceptive and visual feedback carried out with the GRAIL (Motekforce Link) virtual reality environment on postural control and balance skills of school-aged children with clinical diagnosis of ASD.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| GRAIL | Experimental |
| |
| No treatment | No Intervention |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| exergames with GRAIL virtual immersive reality environment | Device | The participants will perform exergames on GRAIL immersive virtual reality to improve balance (e.g. load shifts, exercises with adaptations to motor perturbations). GRAIL can provide proprioceptive and visual feedback to participants. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| experimental balance assessment | Balance assessment through the evaluation (with both open and closed eyes) of the center of pression using the GRAIL platform | approximately 6 weeks after starting the intervention |
| Movement Assessment Battery for Children 2 (MABC2) (Henderson et al., 2007). | The MABC2 consists of eight subtests that evaluate three components of motor proficiency: manual dexterity, ball skills, and static and dynamic balance. For the MABC2, higher scores are indicative of better motor performance. | approximately 6 weeks after starting the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ) (Wilson et al., 2007). | The DCDQ is a 15-item questionnaire that investigates gross and fine motor skill impairments. The DCDQ yields a raw total score (score range 15-75); higher scores indicate better motor functioning as rated by the parents. | approximately 6 weeks after starting the intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scientific Institute IRCCS E. Medea | Bosisio Parini | Lecco | 23842 | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30618953 | Result | Biffi E, Costantini C, Ceccarelli SB, Cesareo A, Marzocchi GM, Nobile M, Molteni M, Crippa A. Gait Pattern and Motor Performance During Discrete Gait Perturbation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders. Front Psychol. 2018 Dec 11;9:2530. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02530. eCollection 2018. | |
| 40869441 | Derived |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000067877 | Autism Spectrum Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002659 | Child Development Disorders, Pervasive |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| assessment of balance in response to perturbation applied by accelerating the dual-belt treadmill the dominant side at toe-off | assessment of balance in response to perturbation applied by accelerating the dual-belt treadmill | approximately 6 weeks after starting the intervention |
| assessment of overground balance using GSENSOR (BTS Bioengineering), a medical device for motion analysis | assessment of overground balance using GSENSOR (BTS Bioengineering), a medical device for motion analysis | approximately 6 weeks after starting the intervention |
| evaluation of gait features using the GRAIL (Motekforce Link) | evaluation of gait features using the GRAIL (Motekforce Link) | approximately 6 weeks after starting the intervention |
| Falivene A, Scaccabarozzi G, Busti Ceccarelli S, Molteni M, Klingels K, Verbecque E, Storm FA, Biffi E, Crippa A. Virtual Reality-Based Postural Balance Training in Autistic Children: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Clin Med. 2025 Aug 8;14(16):5616. doi: 10.3390/jcm14165616. |