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Spatial navigation refers to the ability to maintain a sense of direction/location while moving around the environment so to find one's way. It includes abilities such as orienting in complex environments,perceiving distance and planning routes to distant locations as well as mentally representing the reciprocal relations of landmarks in space (Lawton, 2010; Wolbers & Hegarty 2010. Spatial navigation involves the precision in encoding multisensorial (visual, vestibular, proprioceptive)experiences, as well as to form mental representations to be used to guide behavior (Bianchini et al.,2014).
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by movement and posture disorders causing activity limitation. Impairment in many other functions is common in CP including visual spatial competences and spatial organization. In this study the investigators meant to explore the navigation and learning strategies in children with CP.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| orientation | Experimental | Orientation training with GRAIL |
|
| walking | Active Comparator | Walking training with GRAIL |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Orientation | Other | In the first group CP patients undergo a four week training with once daily sessions lasting 30 minutes. The treatment includes exercises to improve navigation competences and orientation. During walk in VR environment with labyrinths of increasing complexity. Exercises include abilities such as orienting in complex environments, perceiving distance and planning routes to distant locations. The presence of landmarks has been included in some exercises to facilitate allocentric orientation strategies. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Corsi Block Test | The Corsi Block Test (Orsini et al., 1987) assesses visuospatial memory and consists of a set of identical wooden blocks arranged more or less haphazardly on a desktop. The tester taps on a number of blocks in sequence, and the participant is asked to reproduce the tapped sequence, which is of variable length | 1 month |
| The Labyrinth subtest of the WISC-III | The Labyrinth subtest of the WISC-III (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, third version) consists of 10 paper-and-pencil tasks with increasing complexity (Weschler, 1991). The participant has to find the way out from the center of a 2-dimensional maze; it measures planning ability, perceptual organization, visualmotor coordination, and self-control | 1 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:.
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IRCCS Medea | Bosisio Parini | LC | 23842 | Italy |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002547 | Cerebral Palsy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001925 | Brain Damage, Chronic |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016138 | Walking |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008124 | Locomotion |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |
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|
| walking | Other | In the second group CP patients undergo a four week training with once daily sessions lasting 30 minutes. The treatment includes exercises to improve walking and balance abilities. Using engaging VR environments (e.g. transfer your load from the left to the right side to avoid obstacles while skiing; shoot balls at targets inside an area; walk in a forest as fast as possible; hit as many elves as possible by squatting, and so on). No exercises for orientation are included in this group. |
|
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |