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In this study, the investigators sought to clarify the influence of FIO2 levels on the variables in the Fick equation and then assessed the influence of each variable on the accuracy of Fick-CO measurements in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Patients who are aged ≥20 years, are undergoing planned elective cardiac surgery, and provided signed informed consent are included in the present study. Any patients with an intra-cardiac shunt are excluded.
The patients are randomly assigned to 2 groups: FIO2 <0.7 or FIO2 >0.85. And during the surgery, the oximeter values are kept ≥98%. Intra-operatively, FIO2, PaO2, SaO2, SvO2, PvO2, Hb, blood pH values, body temperature and TD-CO are recorded.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| >0.85 FIO2 group | Active Comparator | This group receives FIO2 >0.85 during the surgery. |
|
| <0.7 FIO2 group | Active Comparator | This group receives FIO2 <0.7 during the surgery. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) | Other | The fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) is given accordingly (>0.85 for the >0.85 group, and <0.7 for the <0.7 group) to the patients during the surgery. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Hemoglobin Values in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will collect hemoglobin data in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The Oxygen Consumption in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will use the LaFarge equation to calculate oxygen consumption (ml/min/m^2) in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The Blood PH Values in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will calculate oxygen consumption in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The Body Temperatures in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will calculate oxygen consumption in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The SaO2 in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will calculate oxygen consumption in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The SvO2 in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will calculate oxygen consumption in each patient. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Precision of Fick-based Cardiac Output in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | After collecting the elements data included in the Fick eqaution (oxygen consumption, hemoglobin, SaO2, SvO2, PaO2, and PvO2), we can calculate the Fick-based cardiac output in each patient. And the pulmonary artery thermodilution is adopted as the standard cardiac output monitoring method. We will calculate the correlation and level of agreement between Fick-based cardiac output and pulmonary artery thermodilution in the two groups. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34516492 | Derived | Lin SY, Chang FC, Lin JR, Chou AH, Tsai YF, Liao CC, Tsai HI, Chen CY. Increased FIO2 influences SvO2 interpretation and accuracy of Fick-based cardiac output assessment in cardiac surgery patients: A prospective randomized study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2021 Sep 10;100(36):e27020. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027020. |
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| under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The PaO2 in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will calculate oxygen consumption in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| The PvO2 in Different FIO2 Groups during Cardiac Surgeries | The patients were divided into two FIO2 groups (FIO2 >0.85 or <0.7) during the surgery. We will calculate oxygen consumption in each patient. | under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |
| under general anesthesia but before surgical incision |