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Golf is becoming increasingly popular in Germany. However, the biomechanical and motor challenge of golf should not be underestimated. Nevertheless, only very few amateur golfers carry out serious preparation and conditioning as part of a strength/stabilization program. The main argument for this limitation is the aspect of "limited time resources". A solution to this problem could therefore be the time-effective and highly individualizable whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) technology. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of 16 weeks of WB-EMSapplication on maximum strength of the lower extremities, trunk stability and (golf) handicap in male amateur golfers in a (randomized) controlled setting.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Whole-Body Electromyostimulation | Experimental | 16 weeks of dynamic WB-EMS: one supervised session per week, 20 min session; impulse-frequency: 85 Hz; impulse breadth 350 µs; intermittent 4-6 s; of impulse - 4 s of impulse break; impulse intensity RPE 7 (hard+ to very hard) on Borg CR 10 Scale. |
|
| Non exercising control | No Intervention | ...maintained physical activity and exercise habits during the study period. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WB-EMS | Device | 16 weeks of WB-EMS |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 18 hole golf score | Average golf score of 5 rounds on a 18 hole course (supervised) | through study completion, on average 4 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hip-/leg extensor strength | Changes of maximum dynamic hip-/leg extensor strength as determine by an isokinetic leg press | At baseline and after 16 weeks |
| Trunk strength | Changes of maximum isometric trunk strength (index of trunk extension/-flexion; lateral flexion and trunk rotation) as determined by an isometric testing device |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Carina Zink-Rückel, MSc | Institute of Medical Physics, FAU, Germany | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institute of Medical Physics, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg | Erlangen | Bavaria | 91052 | Germany |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Carina Zink-Rückel, Florian Rückel, Simon von Stengel, Wolfgang Kemmler. The Use of Whole Body Electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) as a Golf Warm-Up - A Randomized Controlled Cross-Over Study. Archives of Physical Health and Sports Medicine Volume 2 (2019)1: 04-12 |
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the responsible researcher [W. Kemmler], upon reasonable request.
Immediately after publication and ending 3 years following article publication
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Research assistants conducting the assessments and/or analyzed the data are unaware if the status of the participants (WB-EMS vs control) and were not allowed to ask correspondingly
| At baseline and after 16 weeks |
| Muscle density at the mid-thigh | Muscle density at the mid-thigh as determined by MRI | At baseline and after 16 weeks |
| Muscle density at lumbar spine | Muscle density at the para-vertebral site as determined by MRI | At baseline and after 16 weeks |