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The patients who consulted to the geriatric outpatient clinic between 2018 and 2019 were included in the study. The inclusion criterions were being at or over the age of 65 and diagnosed with osteoporosis according to WHO criteria. Exclusion criteria include vertebral fracture due to known accidental traumas, history of drug therapy in the past year (biphosphonate, estrogen replacement therapy, glucocorticoids ), history of co-morbidities as malignancy, radiotherapy or chemotherapy, renal failure, hyperthyroidism, primer hyperparathyroidism, rheumatic disease or adrenal diseases.
Initially, a demographic form including age, sex, comorbidities, weight, height was filled by the participants. Body mass index (BMI, ratio of height and weight, expressed as kg/m2) calculated. Patients waist and hip circumference was measured (cm).
Fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was calculated by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita TBF 300; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated from BIA-based skeletal muscle mass with a formula as SMM/height [m2] [8]. ABSI is measured as waist circumference (m) / (BMI(kg)2/3x Height(m)5/6) [4].
Osteoporosis was evaluated by using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). According to the T-scores calculated from femur neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS), subjects divided into 3 groups as following: a) normal: T-score is greater than -1 SD, b) osteopenia: T-score is between -1 and -2.5 SD, c) osteoporosis: T-score is lower than -2.5 SD.
Physical activity levels of patients were evaluated with The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) aerobic assessment [9]. Patients divided into 5 groups as following: 1 = sedentary, 2 = underactive, 3 = regular underactive (light activities), 4 = regular underactive, and 5 = regular active).
The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee (2018/0478) and all participants gave written informed consent.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Geriatric osteoporotic patients | Experimental | We measured different anthropometric and body composition measurements as body weight, BMI, percentage body fat, skeletal muscle index (SMI), ABSI, waist (WC) and hip circumference (HC) in geriatric population to investigate the relation to osteoporosis. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body mass index | Diagnostic Test | Body mass index is calculated as a ratio of height and weight, expressed as kg/m2 |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Waist circumference | calculated as cm | 2 years |
| Hip circumference | calculated as cm | 2 years |
| Fat percentage | Fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was calculated by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita TBF 300; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan) | 2 years |
| Skeletal muscle index | Fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was calculated by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita TBF 300; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated from BIA-based skeletal muscle mass with a formula as SMM/height [m2] | 2 years |
| A body shape index (ABSI) | ABSI is measured as waist circumference (m) / (BMI(kg)2/3x Height(m)5/6) | 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) aerobic assessment | Physical activity levels of patients were evaluated with The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) aerobic assessment. Patients divided into 5 groups as following: 1 = sedentary, 2 = underactive, 3 = regular underactive (light activities), 4 = regular underactive, and 5 = regular active). | 2 years |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Medicine, Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Department | Istanbul | 34732 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| waist circumference | Diagnostic Test | waist circumference is measured as cm |
|
| hip circumference | Diagnostic Test | hip circumference is measured as cm |
|
| height | Diagnostic Test | height is measured as cm |
|
| Fat percentage | Diagnostic Test | Fat percentage and skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was calculated by using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita TBF 300; Tanita Corp., Tokyo, Japan). |
|
| Skeletal muscle index | Diagnostic Test | Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated from BIA-based skeletal muscle mass with a formula as SMM/height [m2]. |
|
| A body shape index (ABSI) | Diagnostic Test | ABSI is measured as waist circumference (m) / (BMI(kg)2/3x Height(m)5/6) |
|
| Dual energy x ray absorptiometry (DXA) | Diagnostic Test | Osteoporosis is diagnosed with DXA scores. According to the T-scores calculated from femur neck (FN) and lumbar spine (LS), subjects divided into 3 groups as following: a) normal: T-score is greater than -1 SD (standard deviation), b) osteopenia: T-score is between -1 and -2.5 SD, c) osteoporosis: T-score is lower than -2.5 SD. |
|
| The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) aerobic assessment | Diagnostic Test | Physical activity levels of patients were evaluated with The Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) aerobic assessment. Patients divided into 5 groups as following: 1 = sedentary, 2 = underactive, 3 = regular underactive (light activities), 4 = regular underactive, and 5 = regular active). |
|
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010024 | Osteoporosis |
| D056128 | Obesity, Abdominal |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001851 | Bone Diseases, Metabolic |
| D001847 | Bone Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015992 | Body Mass Index |
| D055105 | Waist Circumference |
| D001827 | Body Height |
| D015502 | Absorptiometry, Photon |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001837 | Body Weights and Measures |
| D001824 | Body Constitution |
| D010808 | Physical Examination |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D000886 | Anthropometry |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D001699 | Biometry |
| D015991 | Epidemiologic Measurements |
| D011634 | Public Health |
| D004778 | Environment and Public Health |
| D049628 | Body Size |
| D000067029 | Physical Appearance, Body |
| D006128 | Growth |
| D048788 | Growth and Development |
| D011859 | Radiography |
| D003952 | Diagnostic Imaging |
| D003720 | Densitometry |
| D010783 | Photometry |
| D002623 | Chemistry Techniques, Analytical |
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