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The present study grounds on the absence of evidence-based treatment in individuals with dyslexia. At this topic, the present study will explore the potential effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over parieto-occipital brain regions, cerebral areas usually disrupted in individuals with dyslexia. tDCS will be administered without concomitantly training.
Therefore, the investigators hypothesized that active tDCS over parieto-occipital areas will enhance reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia. On the contrary, sham tDCS (placebo) over parieto-occipital areas will not have significant effect on reading. Further, both active and sham tDCS will be safe and well-tolerated.
The study design is randomized stratified, cross-over, double-blind, placebo-controlled.
Children and adolescents with dyslexia will be selected and randomly assigned to two different groups: 1. Active tDCS over parieto-occipital areas + sham tDCS over parieto-occipital areas (Active-Sham tDCS); 2. Sham tDCS over parieto-occipital areas + active tDCS over parieto-occipital areas (Sham-Active tDCS).
In this project, the investigators will work to understand whether a brain-based intervention, with the use of tDCS without combined training, can enhance reading in individuals with dyslexia.
The protocol will allow the investigators to:
The overarching goal is to provide a scientific foundation for devising new rehabilitation strategies in dyslexia.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active-Sham tDCS | Experimental | Each tDCS sessions will be delivered for 5 days for a total of non consecutive two weeks. The first session will be active tDCS and two months after, a sham tDCS will follow. |
|
| Sham-Active tDCS | Active Comparator | Each tDCS sessions (sham tDCS and active tDCS) will be delivered for 5 days for a total of non consecutive two weeks. The first session will be sham tDCS and two months after, an active tDCS will follow. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active tDCS | Device | Active tDCS will be delivered to parieto-occipital areas for five consecutive days. tDCS will be delivered by a battery driven, direct current stimulator through a pair of saline-soaked sponge electrodes kept firm by elastic bands. The electrodes will be placed on the left (anodal) and right (cathodal) parieto-occipital areas, PO7 and PO8 position according to the 10-20 international EEG system for electrode placement. Stimulation intensity will be set at 1 milliampere (mA), the duration of stimulation will be 20 min. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Non-word reading speed | The proportion of patients with change of at least 0.06 sill/sec in the non-word reading speed following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Non-word reading accuracy | The proportion of patients with change in the non-word reading accuracy following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Word reading speed |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bambino Gesù Hospital and Research Institute | Roma | 00165 | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Consensus Conference, Disturbi Specifici dell'apprendimento, ISS, 2011. | ||
| Background | Tressoldi P.E. L'evoluzione della lettura e scrittura dalla 2 elementare alla 3 media. Dati per un modello di sviluppo e per la diagnosi di disturbo specifico.Età Evolutiva, 53 - pp. 43-55, 1996 | ||
| Background | Sartori G., Job R. e Tressoldi P.E. (2007), DDE-2. Batteria per la valutazione della dislessia e della disortografia evolutiva, Firenze, Organizzazioni Speciali. | ||
| Background | Cornoldi C. e Colpo G. (1998), Prove di Lettura MT per la Scuola Elementare-2, Firenze, Organizzazioni Speciali. | ||
| Background | Belacchi, C., Scalisi, T.G., Cannoni, E. e Cornoldi, C. (2008). Matrici Progressive di Raven Forma Colore (CPM-47). Manuale d'uso e standardizzazione italiana. Firenze, Organizzazioni Speciali. | ||
| Background | Achenbach, T.M., & Rescorla, L.A. (2001). Manual for the ASEBA School-Age Forms & Profiles. Burlington, VT: University of Vermont, Research Center for Children, Youth, & Families. | ||
| Background | Calvino, I. (1966). Marcovaldo ovvero le stagioni in città . Torino: Einaudi. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004410 | Dyslexia |
| D000067559 | Specific Learning Disorder |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007806 | Language Disorders |
| D003147 | Communication Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
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|
| Sham tDCS | Device | Sham tDCS will be delivered to parieto-occipital areas for five consecutive days. tDCS will be delivered by a battery driven, direct current stimulator through a pair of saline-soaked sponge electrodes kept firm by elastic bands. The electrodes will be placed on the left (anodal) and right (cathodal) parieto-occipital areas, PO7 and PO8 position according to the 10-20 international EEG system for electrode placement. Stimulation intensity will be set at 1 milliampere (mA), but the current will be applied for 30 s and will be ramped down without the participants awareness. |
|
|
The proportion of patients with change in the word reading speed following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. |
| up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Word reading accuracy | The proportion of patients with change in the word reading accuracy following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Text reading speed | The proportion of patients with change in the text reading speed following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Text reading accuracy | The proportion of patients with change in the text reading accuracy following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Verbal and visuo-spatial n-back | The proportion of patients with change in the index of verbal and visuo-spatial working memory (more score means better outcome) following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Phoneme Blending | The proportion of patients with change in the index of phoneme blending (more score means better outcome) following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Rapid Automatized Naming of color and letters | The proportion of patients with change in the accuracy and speed of Rapid Automatized Naming of color and letters following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Lexical Decision | The proportion of patients with change in the accuracy and speed of Lexical decision following Active tDCS sessions than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
| Questionnaire of safety and tolerability (Questionnaire of adverse effect) | The proportion of patients with change in the questionnaire of safety and tolerability (Questionnaire of adverse effect; Brunoni et al., 2011) following Active tDCS sessions will be the same than after Sham tDCS sessions both in ActiveSham tDCS and ShamActive tDCS. | up to one month after the end of the intervention |
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| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D007859 | Learning Disabilities |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |