Olfactory Odour Stimulation for Metabolism Control

Olfactory Odour Stimulation for Metabolism Control - the "OLFAMET-Study"

In this preliminary short-term study it is investigated, whether a short olfactory stimulation with D-Limonene leads to an acute improvement of glucose metabolism in patients with obesity.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 18-70 years
• Obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2)
• Written informed consent
• Normosmia (defined by sniffin Sticks test)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known allergy to D-Limonene, citrus fruits, citrus flavours, SLVO
• Regular smoking
• Current illicit drug abuse including daily marijuana and cannabidiol (CBD) consumption (alcohol ≤2 drinks per day allowed)
• Diabetes mellitus
• Pre-Treatment with insulin sensitizing drugs including GLP-1 analogues
• History of neurodegenerative diseases, severe head trauma
• Severe renal impairment (e.g. estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 ml/min/m2)
• Known liver cirrhosis or other severe liver impairment
• Acute upper respiratory tract infection
• Uncontrolled dysthyroidism
• Uncontrolled hypertension
• Regular use of psychopharmaceutic drugs
• Patient aims to start a new diet or exercise program during the study
• Bariatric surgery
• Pregnancy/Lactation
• Symptoms of menopause
• Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc.
• Participation in an interventional study within the last 3 months