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Headaches are extremely common illnesses with a combined lifetime prevalence of 90-99% in Europe. Despite this high prevalence, there are persons who have never, in their whole life, encountered a headache.
The aim of the study is to identify factors that protect against headache by studying pain perception, muscle tenderness and pain tolerance in people who never have had a headache (headache resistant) versus non-resistant controls.
The investigators hope to contribute with novelty to the current understanding of headache pathophysiology and development of more efficient treatment of headache.
The investigator examining:
Quantitative sensory testing (cold pain threshold and heat pain threshold), Muscle tenderness (total tenderness score) and cold pressor test (time in the water and pain rating). All tests are performed the same day, by one investigator who are blinded to the grouping of the participants.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Headache Resistant Participants | Male participants who have never had a headache. | ||
| Non-Resistant Participants | Male participants who have experienced headache. Age matched. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quantitative Sensory Test: Cold Pain Threshold | Difference in Cold Pain Threshold (celcius) between cases and controls. | 3 hours |
| Quantitative Sensory Test: Heat Pain Threshold | Difference in Heat Pain Threshold (celcius) between cases and controls. | 3 hours. |
| Pericranial Muscle Tenderness: Total Tenderness Scores | Difference in Total Tenderness Score between cases and controls. 8 pericranial muscles are palpated by the investigator and the tenderness is rated by the participant on a scale of 0-3 where 0 is no tenderness and 3 is severe tenderness. | 3 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cold Pressor Test: Pain Tolerance | Difference in Cold Pressor Test Pain Tolerance (seconds) between cases and controls | 3 hours |
| Cold Pressor Test: Pain Rating | Difference in Cold Pressor Test Pain Rating by Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) between cases and controls. The pain is rated by the participant on the Verbal Rating Scale from 0 - 10 where 0 is no pain and 10 is the most severe pain imaginable. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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50 Headache resistant and 50 non-resistant male participants from the Danish Blood Donor Study.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jes Olesen, Professor | Danish Headache Center | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danish Headache Center | Glostrup Municipality | Region H | 2600 | Denmark |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34749638 | Derived | Olofsson IA, Hvedstrup J, Falkenberg K, Chalmer MA, Schytz HW, Pedersen MB, Ullum H, Pedersen OB, Olesen J, Hansen TF. Pain sensitivity in men who have never experienced a headache: an observer blinded case control study. J Headache Pain. 2021 Nov 8;22(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s10194-021-01345-0. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D006261 | Headache |
| D063806 | Myalgia |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| 3 hours |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D009468 | Neuromuscular Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D059352 | Musculoskeletal Pain |