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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Beijing Sport University | OTHER |
| Coventry University | OTHER |
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This study investigated the effect of magnesium supplementation on exercise performance and functional recovery in recreational endurance athletes in conjunction with measures of blood glucose, lactate, IL-6 and sIL-6R.
Magnesium status can directly affect circulating glucose concentrations both during and post exercise. In addition, magnesium supplementation has been shown to reduce circulating IL-6 concentrations post exercise in humans. It is conceivable that such observations are linked through the role of IL-6 in glucose regulation, possibly in combination with sIL-6R. Together, magnesium intake may have the potential to effect exercise performance and recovery through glucose availability. This in turn may be connected to the production of IL-6 and sIL-6R which have been established to influence exercise fatigue and perception of pain (muscle soreness).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High magnesium diet (SUP condition) | Experimental | Participants followed a low magnesium diet <260mg/day and consumed 500 mg/day of magnesium oxide. This was separated into 3 capsules, which were consumed at 6 hr intervals each day (8am, 2pm and 8pm). The supplementation period was 1 week. |
|
| Low magnesium diet (CON condition) | Experimental | Participants followed a low magnesium diet <260mg/day and consumed 500 mg/day of placebo (cornflour). This was separated into 3 capsules, which were consumed at 6 hr intervals each day (8am, 2pm and 8pm). The supplementation period was 1 week. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Magnesium oxide | Dietary Supplement | Magnesium capsule |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Downhill 10 km treadmill time trial performance | Maximal 10 km time trial performance on a treadmill | 1 day |
| 24 hr post exercise maximal force testing of the dominant leg on the isokinetic dynamometer | Maximal force produced from the dominant leg (eccentric and concentric) on an isokinetic dynamometer. | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glucose | Capillary blood samples at rest, during, immediately post, 1 hr post and 24 hrs post 10 km downhill time-trial. A Biosen analyser was used to analyse glucose concentrations. | up to 2 days |
| Interleukin-6 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Worcester | Worcester | Worcestershire | WR1 3AS | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24465574 | Background | Chen HY, Cheng FC, Pan HC, Hsu JC, Wang MF. Magnesium enhances exercise performance via increasing glucose availability in the blood, muscle, and brain during exercise. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 20;9(1):e85486. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085486. eCollection 2014. | |
| 20029512 | Background | Chen YJ, Chen HY, Wang MF, Hsu MH, Liang WM, Cheng FC. Effects of magnesium on exercise performance and plasma glucose and lactate concentrations in rats using a novel blood-sampling technique. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009 Dec;34(6):1040-7. doi: 10.1139/H09-105. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008275 | Magnesium Deficiency |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003677 | Deficiency Diseases |
| D044342 | Malnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008277 | Magnesium Oxide |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017616 | Magnesium Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |
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| Placebo |
| Dietary Supplement |
Cornflour capsule manufactured to mimic the 166.6 mg magnesium capsule. |
|
Venous blood samples at rest, immediately post, 1hr post and 24 hrs 10 km downhill time trial. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyse interleukin-6.
| up to 2 days |
| Soluble interleukin-6 receptor | Venous blood samples at rest, immediately post, 1hr post and 24 hrs 10 km downhill time trial. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to analyse soluble interleukin-6. | up to 2 days |
| Perceived muscle soreness | A 10cm visual analogue scale was used to assess perceived muscle soreness, the scale started at 0 (no pain) and finished at 10 (unbearable pain) | up to 4 days |
| Lactate | Capillary blood samples at rest, during, immediately post, 1 hr post and 24 hrs post 10 km downhill time-trial. A Biosen analyser was used to analyse lactate concentrations. | up to 2 days |
| Creatine kinase | Venous blood samples at rest, immediately post, 1hr post and 24 hrs 10 km downhill time trial. A Reflotron analyser was used to analyse creatine kinase concentrations. | up to 2 days |
| 19816708 | Background | Cheng SM, Yang LL, Chen SH, Hsu MH, Chen IJ, Cheng FC. Magnesium sulfate enhances exercise performance and manipulates dynamic changes in peripheral glucose utilization. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2010 Jan;108(2):363-9. doi: 10.1007/s00421-009-1235-y. Epub 2009 Oct 9. |
| 28670189 | Background | Dmitrasinovic G, Pesic V, Stanic D, Plecas-Solarovic B, Dajak M, Ignjatovic S. ACTH, Cortisol and IL-6 Levels in Athletes following Magnesium Supplementation. J Med Biochem. 2016 Nov 2;35(4):375-384. doi: 10.1515/jomb-2016-0021. eCollection 2016 Oct. |
| 12702735 | Background | Febbraio MA, Steensberg A, Keller C, Starkie RL, Nielsen HB, Krustrup P, Ott P, Secher NH, Pedersen BK. Glucose ingestion attenuates interleukin-6 release from contracting skeletal muscle in humans. J Physiol. 2003 Jun 1;549(Pt 2):607-12. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.042374. Epub 2003 Apr 17. |
| 17363741 | Background | Glund S, Deshmukh A, Long YC, Moller T, Koistinen HA, Caidahl K, Zierath JR, Krook A. Interleukin-6 directly increases glucose metabolism in resting human skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2007 Jun;56(6):1630-7. doi: 10.2337/db06-1733. Epub 2007 Mar 15. |
| 19482899 | Background | Gray SR, Ratkevicius A, Wackerhage H, Coats P, Nimmo MA. The effect of interleukin-6 and the interleukin-6 receptor on glucose transport in mouse skeletal muscle. Exp Physiol. 2009 Aug;94(8):899-905. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2009.048173. Epub 2009 May 29. |
| 20839491 | Background | Robson-Ansley P, Cockburn E, Walshe I, Stevenson E, Nimmo M. The effect of exercise on plasma soluble IL-6 receptor concentration: a dichotomous response. Exerc Immunol Rev. 2010;16:56-76. |
| 30909645 | Background | Heffernan SM, Horner K, De Vito G, Conway GE. The Role of Mineral and Trace Element Supplementation in Exercise and Athletic Performance: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2019 Mar 24;11(3):696. doi: 10.3390/nu11030696. |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |